Background: Patients with acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) may experience severe acute respiratory failure, even requiring ventilatory assistance. Physiological data on lung mechanics during these events are lacking. Methods: Patients with AE-IPF admitted to Respiratory Intensive Care Unit to receive non-invasive ventilation (NIV) were retrospectively analyzed. Esophageal pressure swing (ΔPes) and respiratory mechanics before and after 2 hours of NIV were collected as primary outcome. The correlation between positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels and changes of in dynamic compliance (dynCRS) and PaO2/FiO2 ratio was assessed. Further, an exploratory comparison with a historical cohort of ARDS patients matched 1:1 by age, sequential organ failure assessment score, body mass index and PaO2/FiO2 level was performed. Results: At baseline, AE-IPF patients presented a high respiratory drive activation with ΔPes = 27 (21-34) cmH2O, respiratory rate (RR) = 34 (30-39) bpm and minute ventilation (VE) = 21 (20-26) L/min. Two hours after NIV application, ΔPes, RR and VE values showed a significant reduction (16 [14-24] cmH2O, p<0.0001, 27 [25-30] bpm, p=0.001, and 18 [17-20] L/min, p=0.003, respectively) while no significant change was found in dynamic transpulmonary pressure, expiratory tidal volume (Vte), dynCRS and dynamic mechanical power. PEEP levels negatively correlated with PaO2/FiO2 ratio and dynCRS (r=-0.67, p=0.03 and r=-0.27, p=0.4, respectively). When compared to AE-IPF, ARDS patients presented lower baseline ΔPes, RR, VE and dynamic mechanical power. Differently from AE-IPF, in ARDS both Vte and dynCRS increased significantly following NIV (p=0.01 and p=0.004 respectively) with PEEP levels directly associated with PaO2/FiO2 ratio and dynCRS (r=0.24, p=0.5 and r=0.65, p=0.04, respectively). Conclusions: In this study, patients with AE-IPF showed a high inspiratory effort, whose intensity was reduced by NIV application without a significant improvement in respiratory mechanics. In an exploratory analysis, AE-IPF patients showed a different mechanical behavior under spontaneous unassisted and assisted breathing compared with ARDS patients of similar severity.

Tonelli, R., Castaniere, I., Cortegiani, A., Tabbì, L., Fantini, R., Andrisani, D., et al. (2022). Inspiratory Effort and Respiratory Mechanics in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary fibrosis: A Preliminary Matched Control Study. PULMONOLOGY, 29(6), 469-477 [10.1016/j.pulmoe.2022.08.004].

Inspiratory Effort and Respiratory Mechanics in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary fibrosis: A Preliminary Matched Control Study

Cortegiani, A.;
2022-09-28

Abstract

Background: Patients with acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) may experience severe acute respiratory failure, even requiring ventilatory assistance. Physiological data on lung mechanics during these events are lacking. Methods: Patients with AE-IPF admitted to Respiratory Intensive Care Unit to receive non-invasive ventilation (NIV) were retrospectively analyzed. Esophageal pressure swing (ΔPes) and respiratory mechanics before and after 2 hours of NIV were collected as primary outcome. The correlation between positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels and changes of in dynamic compliance (dynCRS) and PaO2/FiO2 ratio was assessed. Further, an exploratory comparison with a historical cohort of ARDS patients matched 1:1 by age, sequential organ failure assessment score, body mass index and PaO2/FiO2 level was performed. Results: At baseline, AE-IPF patients presented a high respiratory drive activation with ΔPes = 27 (21-34) cmH2O, respiratory rate (RR) = 34 (30-39) bpm and minute ventilation (VE) = 21 (20-26) L/min. Two hours after NIV application, ΔPes, RR and VE values showed a significant reduction (16 [14-24] cmH2O, p<0.0001, 27 [25-30] bpm, p=0.001, and 18 [17-20] L/min, p=0.003, respectively) while no significant change was found in dynamic transpulmonary pressure, expiratory tidal volume (Vte), dynCRS and dynamic mechanical power. PEEP levels negatively correlated with PaO2/FiO2 ratio and dynCRS (r=-0.67, p=0.03 and r=-0.27, p=0.4, respectively). When compared to AE-IPF, ARDS patients presented lower baseline ΔPes, RR, VE and dynamic mechanical power. Differently from AE-IPF, in ARDS both Vte and dynCRS increased significantly following NIV (p=0.01 and p=0.004 respectively) with PEEP levels directly associated with PaO2/FiO2 ratio and dynCRS (r=0.24, p=0.5 and r=0.65, p=0.04, respectively). Conclusions: In this study, patients with AE-IPF showed a high inspiratory effort, whose intensity was reduced by NIV application without a significant improvement in respiratory mechanics. In an exploratory analysis, AE-IPF patients showed a different mechanical behavior under spontaneous unassisted and assisted breathing compared with ARDS patients of similar severity.
28-set-2022
Tonelli, R., Castaniere, I., Cortegiani, A., Tabbì, L., Fantini, R., Andrisani, D., et al. (2022). Inspiratory Effort and Respiratory Mechanics in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary fibrosis: A Preliminary Matched Control Study. PULMONOLOGY, 29(6), 469-477 [10.1016/j.pulmoe.2022.08.004].
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10447/569865
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