Surgical Neuropelveology: Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Endometriosis. Laparoscopic Resection and Nerve Transplantation

Study Objective: To demonstrate the application of surgical neuroanatomic principles for the diagnosis and treatment of deep infiltrating endometriosis involving the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. Design: Video demonstration of laparoscopic lateral femoral cutaneous endometriosis resection with nerve transplant. Setting: Endometriosis infiltrating somatic nerves is a poorly known condition, which can cause severe neuropathic symptoms [1] and is often unrecognized with a subsequent treatment delay [1]. Intimate knowledge of pelvic neuroanatomy and expertise in minimally invasive surgery are essential to manage this challenging surgical scenario [2–4]. Interventions: Thirty-six years old patient with primary infertility and chronic pelvic pain associated with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, dysuria, and dyschezia. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging detected a 3-cm parauterine and a 2-cm retrocervical endometriosis nodule. Magnetic resonance imaging did not demonstrate pelvic nerve involvement. Preoperative neuropelveologic assessment demonstrated a significant hypoesthesia of the corresponding lateral femoral cutaneous nerve dermatome, representing the primary complaint. A swab test showed spotting areas of allodynia. These findings prompted us to investigate for a right lateral femoral cutaneous entrapment. Laparoscopy showed an endometriosis nodule infiltrating the right lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. A resection of the nerve was necessary, and a subsequent reconstruction with a collagen bovine neuro-guide was carried out. The operative time was 300 minutes, and the estimated blood loss was 150 mL. Hospital stay was 3 days. After 3 months, the patient showed a clinical improvement in the pain and hypoesthesia on the reconstructed nerve dermatome. Conclusion: Neuropelvic anatomic assessment should be considered during the preoperative evaluation for patients with endometriosis who have pelvic pain and neuropathy as part of the diagnostic process [5]. This unique case demonstrates that nerve resection and transplantation can be used in specific situations for neuropathy related to deep infiltrative endometriosis of pelvic nerves.