The FRAM robotic telescope for atmospheric monitoring at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Pierre Auger Collaboration, T; Aab, A; Abreu, P; Aglietta, M; Albury, Jm; Allekotte, I; Almela, A; Alvarez-Muniz, J; Alves Batista, R; Anastasi, Ga; Anchordoqui, L; Andrada, B; Andringa, S; Aramo, C; Araujo Ferreira, Pr; Arteaga Velazquez, Jc; Asorey, H; Assis, P; Avila, G; Badescu, Am; Bakalova, A; Balaceanu, A; Barbato, F; Barreira Luz, Rj; Becker, Kh; Bellido, Ja; Berat, C; Bertaina, Me; Bertou, X; Biermann, Pl; Bister, T; Biteau, J; Blazek, J; Bleve, C; Bohacova, M; Boncioli, D; Bonifazi, C; Bonneau Arbeletche, L; Borodai, N; Botti, Am; Brack, J; Bretz, T; Brichetto Orchera, Pg; Briechle, Fl; Buchholz, P; Bueno, A; Buitink, S; Buscemi, M; Caballero-Mora, Ks; Caccianiga, L; Canfora, F; Caracas, I; Carceller, Jm; Caruso, R; Castellina, A; Catalani, F; Cataldi, G; Cazon, L; Cerda, M; Chinellato, Ja; Choi, K; Chudoba, J; Chytka, L; Clay, Rw; Cobos Cerutti, Ac; Colalillo, R; Coleman, A; Coluccia, Mr; Conceicao, R; Condorelli, A; Consolati, G; Contreras, F; Convenga, F; Correia Dos Santos, D; Covault, Ce; Dasso, S; Daumiller, K; Dawson, Br; Day, Ja; De Almeida, Rm; De Jesus, J; De Jong, Sj; De Mauro, G; De Mello Neto, Jrt; De Mitri, I; De Oliveira, J; De Oliveira Franco, D; De Palma, F; De Souza, V; De Vito, E; Del Rio, M; Deligny, O; Di Matteo, A; Dobrigkeit, C; D'Olivo, Jc; Dos Anjos, Rc; Dova, Mt; Ebr, J; Engel, R; Epicoco, I; Erdmann, M; Escobar, Co; Etchegoyen, A; Falcke, H; Farmer, J; Farrar, G; Fauth, Ac; Fazzini, N; Feldbusch, F; Fenu, F; Fick, B; Figueira, Jm; Filipcic, A; Fodran, T; Freire, Mm; Fujii, T; Fuster, A; Galea, C; Galelli, C; Garcia, B; Garcia Vegas, Al; Gemmeke, H; Gesualdi, F; Gherghel-Lascu, A; Ghia, Pl; Giaccari, U; Giammarchi, M; Giller, M; Glombitza, J; Gobbi, F; Gollan, F; Golup, G; Gomez Berisso, M; Gomez Vitale, Pf; Gongora, Jp; Gonzalez, Jm; Gonzalez, N; Goos, I; Gora, D; Gorgi, A; Gottowik, M; Grubb, Td; Guarino, F; Guedes, Gp; Guido, E; Hahn, S; Hamal, P; Hampel, Mr; Hansen, P; Harari, D; Harvey, Vm; Haungs, A; Hebbeker, T; Heck, D; Hill, Gc; Hojvat, C; Horandel, Jr; Horvath, P; Hrabovsky, M; Huege, T; Hulsman, J; Insolia, A; Isar, Pg; Janecek, P; Johnsen, Ja; Jurysek, J; Kaapa, A; Kampert, Kh; Keilhauer, B; Kemp, J; Klages, Ho; Kleifges, M; Kleinfeller, J; Kopke, M; Kunka, N; Lago, Bl; Lang, Rg; Langner, N; Leigui De Oliveira, Ma; Lenok, V; Letessier-Selvon, A; Lhenry-Yvon, I; Lo Presti, D; Lopes, L; Lopez, R; Lu, L; Luce, Q; Lucero, A; Lundquist, Jp; Machado Payeras, A; Mancarella, G; Mandat, D; Manning, Bc; Manshanden, J; Mantsch, P; Marafico, S; Mariazzi, Ag; Maris, Ic; Marsella, G; Martello, D; Martinez, H; Martinez Bravo, O; Mastrodicasa, M; Mathes, Hj; Matthews, J; Matthiae, G; Mayotte, E; Mazur, Po; Medina-Tanco, G; Melo, D; Menshikov, A; Merenda, K-; Michal, S; Micheletti, Mi; Miramonti, L; Mollerach, S; Montanet, F; Morello, C; Mostafa, M; Muller, Al; Muller, Ma; Mulrey, K; Mussa, R; Muzio, M; Namasaka, Wm; Nasr-Esfahani, A; Nellen, L; Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M; Niechciol, M; Nitz, D; Nosek, D; Novotny, V; Nozka, L; Nucita, A; Nunez, La; Palatka, M; Pallotta, J; Papenbreer, P; Parente, G; Parra, A; Pech, M; Pedreira, F; Pkala, J; Pelayo, R; Pena-Rodriguez, J; Pereira Martins, Ee; Perez Armand, J; Perez Bertolli, C; Perlin, M; Perrone, L; Petrera, S; Pierog, T; Pimenta, M; Pirronello, V; Platino, M; Pont, B; Pothast, M; Privitera, P; Prouza, M; Puyleart, A; Querchfeld, S; Rautenberg, J; Ravignani, D; Reininghaus, M; Ridky, J; Riehn, F; Risse, M; Rizi, V; Rodrigues De Carvalho, W; Rodriguez Rojo, J; Roncoroni, Mj; Roth, M; Roulet, E; Rovero, Ac; Ruehl, P; Saffi, Sj; Saftoiu, A; Salamida, F; Salazar, H; Salina, G; Sanabria Gomez, Jd; Sanchez, F; Santos, Em; Santos, E; Sarazin, F; Sarmento, R; Sarmiento-Cano, C; Sato, R; Savina, P; Schafer, Cm; Scherini, V; Schieler, H; Schimassek, M; Schimp, M; Schluter, F; Schmidt, D; Scholten, O; Schovanek, P; Schroder, Fg; Schroder, S; Schulte, J; Sciutto, Sj; Scornavacche, M; Segreto, A; Sehgal, S; Shellard, Rc; Sigl, G; Silli, G; Sima, O; Smida, R; Sommers, P; Soriano, Jf; Souchard, J; Squartini, R; Stadelmaier, M; Stanca, D; Stanic, S; Stasielak, J; Stassi, P; Streich, A; Suarez-Duran, M; Sudholz, T; Suomijarvi, T; Supanitsky, Ad; Supik, J; Szadkowski, Z; Taboada, A; Tapia, A; Taricco, C; Timmermans, C; Tkachenko, O; Tobiska, P; Todero Peixoto, Cj; Tome, B; Travaini, A; Travnicek, P; Trimarelli, C; Trini, M; Tueros, M; Ulrich, R; Unger, M; Vaclavek, L; Vacula, M; Valdes Galicia, Jf; Valore, L; Varela, E; Varma, Kcv; Vasquez-Ramirez, A; Veberic, D; Ventura, C; Vergara Quispe, Id; Verzi, V; Vicha, J; Vink, J; Vorobiov, S; Wahlberg, H; Watanabe, C; Watson, Aa; Weber, M; Weindl, A; Wiencke, L; Wilczynski, H; Winchen, T; Wirtz, M; Wittkowski, D; Wundheiler, B; Yushkov, A; Zapparrata, O; Zas, E; Zavrtanik, D; Zavrtanik, M; Zehrer, L; Zepeda, A; Cunniffe, R; Eliasek, J; Ebrova, I; Jelinek, M; Karpov, S; Kubanek, P; Masek, M

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/16/06/P06027

FRAM (F/Photometric Robotic Atmospheric Monitor) is a robotic telescope operated at the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina for the purposes of atmospheric monitoring using stellar photometry. As a passive system which does not produce any light that could interfere with the observations of the fluorescence telescopes of the observatory, it complements the active monitoring systems that use lasers. We discuss the applications of stellar photometry for atmospheric monitoring at optical observatories in general and the particular modes of operation employed by the Auger FRAM. We describe in detail the technical aspects of FRAM, the hardware and software requirements for a successful operation of a robotic telescope for such a purpose and their implementation within the FRAM system.

Pierre Auger Collaboration T., Aab A., Abreu P., Aglietta M., Albury J.M., Allekotte I., et al. (2021). The FRAM robotic telescope for atmospheric monitoring at the Pierre Auger Observatory. JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION, 16(6), P06027 [10.1088/1748-0221/16/06/P06027].