Tailored screening and dedicated funding for direct acting antiviral drugs: How to keep Italy on the road to hepatitis C virus elimination?

Background and aims. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination for Italy is an ambitious, but achievable goal. In Italy, there is political will, which aims to achieve the World Health Organization (WHO) elimination goals recognizing the need to identify undiagnosed individuals in key high-risk groups and in the general population, however there is concern regarding HCV treatment implementation in Italian Regions. Methods. A modelling analysis was conducted, using the “Italy Polaris” model, to forecast the impact of different HCV treatment rates in achieving the HCV elimination goals in Italy. The model assessed two treatment scenarios: 2018 Scenario and 2019 Scenario, using the annually HCV treatment rate in Italy. Results. Considering a high treatment rate, as assumed by the 2018 Scenario, all HCV elimination targets would be achieved. Considering the 2019 Scenario, in which a decreasing number of newly diagnosed individuals and as consequence, a decline in the number of treated patients, were assumed, only the 65% HCV mortality reduction would be an achievable goal in Italy. The other elimination targets could be achievable over 7 years later than the year 2030. Conclusions. Establishing an ad hoc fund for DAAs for each Italian Region, binding resources both for case finding, through active screening and activities for rapid linkage to care and treatment, is of paramount importance, in order to keep Italy on track to achieve the WHO elimination targets by 2030.