The article tackles the theme of the balances of power among various “social fields” (Bourdieu 2009, 2017) and among various disciplines (Foucault 1974) in the symbolic battle for the definition of the Mafia phenomenon, enquiring how the definition provided by the law (transferred to the penal code by means of article 416bis) and/or applied in the judicial praxis avails itself of the contributions of other doctrines, and in which way instances, rhetoric and methods used by different types of expert knowledge (sociology, history, psychology, economics, etc) are “translated” into the logics of the juridical field. By recognising the performative value of the law (Derrida 2003) and its “partial” dimension in tracing the boundaries between licit and illicit (Ferrajoli 2004) and by questioning “ingenuous intuitions of equity” and super partes apodictic statements of scientificity claimed by the juridical field, this contribution analyses ways and effects of these “contaminations”; “field invasions” through which hybrid definitions of the Mafia phenomenon are produced, often claimed as “abstract” and self-founded. By employing the perspective used by the critical sociology, of law the paper makes use of the juridical discourse on 416bis as a privileged prism to observe the ways in which the “pragmatic content of the matters of power and authority” is translated into those of “imputation and responsibility”, highlighting the contradictions between penal law on paper and penal law “in action”. Starting from the rhetoric and the narrations of the sentences belonging to a number of important trials (from the so-called “Mafia capitale” to the “Trattativa” trials, from the one against president Salvatore Cuffaro to the trials about the massacres of Capaci and via D’Amelio), it highlights the political dimension of the clash and its echoes within the mediatic system, underlining how the symbolic force and the performative effects of the prevailing definition weigh not only on the future of the understanding of the Mafia phenomenon, but also of the normative policies and actions for its contrast.

L’articolo affronta il tema dei rapporti di forza tra vari “campi sociali” (Bourdieu 2009, 2017) e tra varie discipline (Foucault 1971, 1974) nella battaglia simbolica per la definizione del fenomeno mafioso, indagando su quanto (e come) la definizione fornita in sede legislativa (tradotta in fattispecie penale nell’articolo 416bis) e/o applicata nella prassi giudiziaria, si avvalga del contributo di altre dottrine e in che modo istanze, retoriche e metodi di differenti saperi esperti (sociologia, storia, psicologia, economia, etc.) vengano “tradotte” (più o meno consapevolmente) nelle logiche del campo giuridico. Riconoscendo il valore performativo della legge (Derrida 2003) e la dimensione “parziale” del diritto nel tracciare i confini tra lecito e illecito (Ferrajoli 2004) e questionando “intuizioni ingenue di equità” e attestazioni apodittiche di “scientificità” super partes rivendicate dal campo giuridico (Taruffo 2009), il contributo approfondisce modi ed effetti di queste “contaminazioni”; “invasioni di campo” attraverso cui si producono definizioni ibride del fenomeno mafioso, sovente rivendicate come “astratte” ed auto-fondate. Assumendo la prospettiva della sociologia critica del diritto (Baratta 1982) utilizza il discorso giuridico sul 416bis (e sul fenomeno mafioso) come prisma privilegiato per osservare i modi in cui “il contenuto pragmatico delle questioni del potere e dell’autorità” si traduce “in quelle dell’imputazione e della responsabilità”, evidenziando le contraddizioni tra diritto penale sulla carta e diritto penale “in azione” (Mosconi 2007). Partendo dalle retoriche e dalle narrazioni delle sentenze di alcuni importanti processi (dal processo cd. “Mafia capitale” a quello sulla “Trattativa”, da quello a carico del presidente Salvatore Cuffaro ai processi sulle stragi di Capaci e di via D’Amelio), si mette in evidenza la dimensione “politica” dello scontro e le sue “risonanze” nel sistema mediatico, facendo emergere come la forza simbolica e gli effetti performativi della definizione prevalente pesino sul futuro non solo della conoscenza del fenomeno mafioso, ma anche delle politiche normative e delle azioni di contrasto.

Dino Alessandra (2021). La “forza del diritto”: attori, retoriche e campi sociali nella battaglia simbolica per la definizione del fenomeno mafioso. STUDI SULLA QUESTIONE CRIMINALE, XVI(2), 13-34 [10.7383/101890].

La “forza del diritto”: attori, retoriche e campi sociali nella battaglia simbolica per la definizione del fenomeno mafioso

Dino Alessandra
Primo
Project Administration
2021-01-01

Abstract

The article tackles the theme of the balances of power among various “social fields” (Bourdieu 2009, 2017) and among various disciplines (Foucault 1974) in the symbolic battle for the definition of the Mafia phenomenon, enquiring how the definition provided by the law (transferred to the penal code by means of article 416bis) and/or applied in the judicial praxis avails itself of the contributions of other doctrines, and in which way instances, rhetoric and methods used by different types of expert knowledge (sociology, history, psychology, economics, etc) are “translated” into the logics of the juridical field. By recognising the performative value of the law (Derrida 2003) and its “partial” dimension in tracing the boundaries between licit and illicit (Ferrajoli 2004) and by questioning “ingenuous intuitions of equity” and super partes apodictic statements of scientificity claimed by the juridical field, this contribution analyses ways and effects of these “contaminations”; “field invasions” through which hybrid definitions of the Mafia phenomenon are produced, often claimed as “abstract” and self-founded. By employing the perspective used by the critical sociology, of law the paper makes use of the juridical discourse on 416bis as a privileged prism to observe the ways in which the “pragmatic content of the matters of power and authority” is translated into those of “imputation and responsibility”, highlighting the contradictions between penal law on paper and penal law “in action”. Starting from the rhetoric and the narrations of the sentences belonging to a number of important trials (from the so-called “Mafia capitale” to the “Trattativa” trials, from the one against president Salvatore Cuffaro to the trials about the massacres of Capaci and via D’Amelio), it highlights the political dimension of the clash and its echoes within the mediatic system, underlining how the symbolic force and the performative effects of the prevailing definition weigh not only on the future of the understanding of the Mafia phenomenon, but also of the normative policies and actions for its contrast.
2021
Settore SPS/12 - Sociologia Giuridica, Della Devianza E Mutamento Sociale
Dino Alessandra (2021). La “forza del diritto”: attori, retoriche e campi sociali nella battaglia simbolica per la definizione del fenomeno mafioso. STUDI SULLA QUESTIONE CRIMINALE, XVI(2), 13-34 [10.7383/101890].
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10447/522146
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