On a white marble stele found at the end of the 19th century, in the sanctuary of Anfiarao in Oropo in Boeotia, there is the text of an epistle in Greek that the Roman consuls sent to the magistrates, the council and the people of the Oropii, to transmit the outcome of a dispute presented to the Roman Senate. In 73 BC in fact a senatus consultum intervenes to settle the dispute that arose between the god Anfiarao and the Roman tax collectors, represented by L. Domizio Enobarbus. The subject of the dispute is the lands of the sanctuary, which the publicans claim does not fall under the terms of the lex locationis, whose exemption from the tax is reserved for those dedicated to the immortal gods. Probably based on an antiquarian investigation into the tradition relating to the figure of Anfiarao, the tax collectors protest that they should be allowed the use of the lands, since the sanctuary is not dedicated to an immortal god. In the background you can guess the allusion to the heroic story of Anfiarao and his mortal origin. It is singular that in the whole process that leads to the enactment of the senatus consultum, the senate never enters into the merits of the question raised by the tax collectors, that is, whether or not Anfiarao should be considered a god and if therefore his lands could rightfully re-enter in the exemptions provided for by the lex locationis. The issue is resolved at the preliminary level, first reporting the extract of the lex locationis which listed the types of territories exempt from paying tax to tax collectors; then the Sillan decree of 86 BC which established the protection reserved, in execution of a vote, precisely to the lands of the sanctuary of Boeotia and to finish the ratification of a senatus consultum of 80 BC. On the basis of these elements, the Senate issues an opinion in favor of the exemption of the lands of the Oropii by the provisions of the lex locationis, substantially confirming what was already established in the Silla decree which qualified Anfiarao as a god. The text lends itself to being analyzed from multiple perspectives: firstly, that of the procedure that led to the issuance of a senatus consultum and the authority of those previously rendered; secondly, that of the transmission of the resolution in Greek-speaking contexts and of their visibility and reception on the spot; and finally, that of the competence of the Roman senate with respect to questions of a religious nature.
Su una stele di marmo bianco ritrovata, alla fine del XIX secolo, nel santuario di Anfiarao ad Oropo in Beozia, è conservato il testo di un’epistola in lingua greca che i consoli romani inviarono ai magistrati, al consiglio e al popolo degli Oropii, per trasmettere l’esito di una controversia presentata al senato romano. Nel 73 a.C. infatti un senatus consultum interviene a dirimere la disputa sorta tra il dio Anfiarao e i pubblicani romani, rappresentati da L. Domizio Enobarbo. Oggetto del contendere sono le terre del santuario, che i pubblicani sostengono non rientrare nei termini della lex locationis, la cui esenzione dal tributo è riservata a quelle dedicate agli dèi immortali. Sulla base, probabilmente, di un’indagine antiquaria sulla tradizione relativa alla figura di Anfiarao, i pubblicani protestano che debba essere concessa loro la fruizione delle terre, dal momento che non a un dio immortale è dedicato il santuario. Sullo sfondo si indovina l’allusione alla vicenda eroica di Anfiarao e alla sua origine mortale. È singolare che in tutto il processo che porta all’emanazione del senatus consultum, il senato non entri mai nel merito della questione sollevata dai pubblicani, se cioè si dovesse o meno considerare Anfiarao un dio e se quindi le sue terre potessero a buon diritto rientrare nelle esenzioni previste dalla lex locationis. La questione viene risolta a livello istruttorio, riportando prima l’estratto della lex locationis che elencava le tipologie di territori esenti dal versamento del tributo ai pubblicani; poi il decreto sillano dell’86 a.C. che stabiliva la tutela riservata, in esecuzione di un voto, proprio alle terre del santuario della Beozia e per finire l’escerto di ratifica di un senatus consultum dell’80 a.C.. Sulla base di questi elementi, il Senato emette parere favorevole all’esenzione delle terre degli Oropii dalle disposizioni della lex locationis, confermando sostanzialmente quanto già stabilito nel decreto sillano che qualificava Anfiarao come un dio. Il testo si presta ad essere analizzato attraverso molteplici prospettive: in prima battuta, quella della procedura che portava all’emanazione di un senatus consultum e dell’autorità di quelli precedentemente resi; in secondo luogo, quello della trasmissione della delibera in contesti di lingua greca e della loro visibilità e ricezione in loco; e per finire, quella della competenza del senato romano rispetto alle questione di carattere religioso.
Bonanno, D. (2021). Riconoscere un dio ex senatus consulto. La disputa tra gli abitanti di Oropo e i publicani romani (73 a.C.). In P. Buongiorno, G. Camodeca (a cura di), Die senatus consulta in den epigraphischen Quellen.Texte und Bezeugungen (pp. 295-311). Stuttgart : Franz Steiner Verlag.
Riconoscere un dio ex senatus consulto. La disputa tra gli abitanti di Oropo e i publicani romani (73 a.C.)
Bonanno, D.
2021-01-01
Abstract
On a white marble stele found at the end of the 19th century, in the sanctuary of Anfiarao in Oropo in Boeotia, there is the text of an epistle in Greek that the Roman consuls sent to the magistrates, the council and the people of the Oropii, to transmit the outcome of a dispute presented to the Roman Senate. In 73 BC in fact a senatus consultum intervenes to settle the dispute that arose between the god Anfiarao and the Roman tax collectors, represented by L. Domizio Enobarbus. The subject of the dispute is the lands of the sanctuary, which the publicans claim does not fall under the terms of the lex locationis, whose exemption from the tax is reserved for those dedicated to the immortal gods. Probably based on an antiquarian investigation into the tradition relating to the figure of Anfiarao, the tax collectors protest that they should be allowed the use of the lands, since the sanctuary is not dedicated to an immortal god. In the background you can guess the allusion to the heroic story of Anfiarao and his mortal origin. It is singular that in the whole process that leads to the enactment of the senatus consultum, the senate never enters into the merits of the question raised by the tax collectors, that is, whether or not Anfiarao should be considered a god and if therefore his lands could rightfully re-enter in the exemptions provided for by the lex locationis. The issue is resolved at the preliminary level, first reporting the extract of the lex locationis which listed the types of territories exempt from paying tax to tax collectors; then the Sillan decree of 86 BC which established the protection reserved, in execution of a vote, precisely to the lands of the sanctuary of Boeotia and to finish the ratification of a senatus consultum of 80 BC. On the basis of these elements, the Senate issues an opinion in favor of the exemption of the lands of the Oropii by the provisions of the lex locationis, substantially confirming what was already established in the Silla decree which qualified Anfiarao as a god. The text lends itself to being analyzed from multiple perspectives: firstly, that of the procedure that led to the issuance of a senatus consultum and the authority of those previously rendered; secondly, that of the transmission of the resolution in Greek-speaking contexts and of their visibility and reception on the spot; and finally, that of the competence of the Roman senate with respect to questions of a religious nature.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Bonanno_Acta_Senatus_B9.pdf
Solo gestori archvio
Descrizione: Articolo principale con frontespizio e indice
Tipologia:
Versione Editoriale
Dimensione
5.21 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
5.21 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri Richiedi una copia |
I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.