Mafia is a complex, pervasive, terrifying phenomenon which has troubled the more disparate brains, competences and expertises. Science, specially psichological-clinic, cannot evade producing its cognitive contribution helping in the work due to contrast through cultural and social-clinic intervention instruments. It is necessary to achieve a contingent and severe, composite and deepened contextual and historicized analysis of the psychic displays related to the mafia phenomenon. Clinical psychology first task, in this way, is to consider the phenomenon's psychological thickness, the social trouble proportions which it has created, by encouraging cognitive emotional and cultural clearness, even when it takes to trouble cosciences and disturb society's self evaluation: in clinical research and practice, honest view represent essential precondition for change. We often see two-dimensional news with forgettable names, scenes of cartridge cases hooped with chalk, sheets on the asphalt, bodies in some way all the same. But the are not all the same. Victims have names and faces, Mafias have places and towns. South criminal systems present exact anthropological rootings that are identitary corpus on which are organized internal structures, rules, criminal activities, psyche of members of Mafia. To keep sald this principle of non-superposition and of specifity, from the writers point of view, it is essential to understand the phenomenon, as often the homogenization of the research objects, of their sources, of their social transformation is the most tricky obstacle to its comprehension (Carli & Paniccia, 2003). In the study of criminal systems, without an exact collocation and definition of boundaries, occurs the risk setting to zero the phenomenon's intelligibility and of being psychologically overwhelmed by the abnormal proportions it seems to assume. It appears obvious how the methodological choice to locate our objects of research responds to two requirements that cannot be disregarded: one of epystemological matrix which regards the inquired phenomenon delimitation to individualized the context composition in which it sets (Ceruti & Lo Verso, 1998); the other one of an exquisitely psychological kind which allows to unmask emotionalmanipulation strategies adopted by Mafias. I.e. task of the psychological – clinic work is to distinguish, redesign, reshuffle, break mafias' almightiness suggestions that feed peoples' fears and defeatism. For this reason, our research group has chosen, in the last years, to operate on the psycho-anthropological location of Cosa Nostra, 'Ndrangheta and Camorra to focus a realistic view on the individualization of possibilities to crime and to develop the South. This clearly without shading the symbolical and factual net of connections which ties the three greats mafias, but avoiding worrying and fascinating blow ups which collude with the criminal systems' desiring power. During our research, our ferryage from a macroscopic to a microscopic paradigm regarded in first place Cosa Nostra, whose organizational complexity leads to interweave a peculiar relation with each territorial context in which it is deeply rooted (Giorgi, Giunta, Coppola & Lo Verso G., 2009). This prospect of research could not exclude an attention psychologically geographically and culturally aimed also towards the other Mafias. In the awareness of the less accuracy of observation that regard not yet town reality (as it was for research in Sicily) as regional conformation we are today tring to realize a first psychological framing of the meaning features which criminal systems take in the other areas of the south. The following work is part of this hard and complex cognitive project and it adds a knowledge segment about one of the huger criminal organization in our country: the 'Ndrangheta. We offer here a calabrian Mafia reading trough informations come out from an intervention research on S. Pietro di Reggio Calabria's prison where there are prisoners with a pending conviction for mafia association. After a short description of the 'Ndrangheta structure, the research contribution offers a reading view of the prison by a special instrument of setting observation which allows to context observations in the specific action range. Backbone of this work, from a theoric and methodological point of view, is the qualitative analysis of the clinic-social elaboration groups occurred with the prisoners, who represented the main source for new research data. We also point out the explorative character of this work as there is no literature to which refer.

La mafia è un fenomeno complesso, pervasivo, agghiacciante che ha scomodato intelligenze, competenze, professionalità le più disparate. La scienza, in particolare quella clinico-psicologica, non può sottrarsi dall’apportare il suo contributo conoscitivo, coadiuvando il lavoro di contrasto attraverso strumenti culturali e d’intervento clinico-sociale. È necessario compiere un’analisi contingente e rigorosa, composita e approfondita, contestuale e storicizzata delle manifestazioni psichiche connesse al fenomeno mafioso. Il primo compito della psicologia clinica, in questo senso, è valutare lo spessore psicologico del fenomeno, le proporzioni del disagio sociale che esso ha generato, favorendo chiarezza cognitiva, emotiva e culturale, anche quando ciò conduce a scomodare le coscienze e perturbare l’auto-valutazione della società civile: nella ricerca e nella pratica clinica, l’onestà dello sguardo rappresenta la precondizione indispensabile per il cambiamento. Si assiste spesso a telegiornali bidimensionali che propongono elenchi di nomi dimenticabili, scene di bossoli cerchiati col gesso e lenzuola sull’asfalto, corpi in qualche modo tutti uguali. Ma che uguali non sono. Le vittime hanno nomi e volti, le mafie hanno luoghi e città. I sistemi criminali del Sud presentano precise radicazioni antropologiche che sono corpus identitari su cui si organizzano le strutture interne, le regole, le attività criminali, la psiche stessa degli uomini mafiosi. Tenere saldo questo principio di non sovrapponibilità e di specificità, dal punto di vista degli scriventi, è centrale per comprendere il fenomeno poiché spesso l’ostacolo più subdolo alla comprensione è l’omogeneizzazione degli oggetti d’indagine, delle loro scaturigini, delle loro trasformazioni sociali (Carli & Paniccia, 2003). Nello studio dei sistemi criminali, senza una precisa collocazione e definizione di confini, si rischia di azzerare l’intelligibilità del fenomeno e venire psicologicamente schiacciati dalle abnormi proporzioni che esso sembra assumere. Appare evidente come la scelta metodologica di localizzare il nostro oggetto di studio risponde a due esigenze imprescindibili: una di matrice epistemologica che riguarda la delimitazione del fenomeno indagato per individuare la composizione del campo in cui esso si colloca (Ceruti &Lo Verso, 1998); l’altra di natura squisitamente psicologica che consente di smascherare le strategie di manipolazione emotiva adoperate dalle mafie. Compito del lavoro psicologico-clinico è cioè quello di distinguere, ridisegnare, ridimensionare, spezzare le suggestioni di onnipotenza delle mafie che alimentano nella popolazione paure e disfattismi. Per tale ragione, il nostro gruppo di ricerca ha scelto, negli ultimi anni, di muoversi sul registro della localizzazione psicoantropologica di Cosa Nostra, ‘Ndrangheta e Camorra, al fine di mettere a fuoco uno sguardo realistico nell’individuazione delle possibilità di fronteggiamento al crimine organizzato e di sviluppo del Meridione. Ciò, chiaramente, senza adombrare la maglia di connessioni simboliche e fattuali che lega le tre grandi mafie ma evitando inquietanti e fascinose gigantografie che colludono con il potere desiderante dei sistemi criminali. Nel corso dei nostri studi, il traghettamento da un paradigma macroscopico a uno microscopico ha riguardato in prima istanza Cosa Nostra, la cui complessità organizzativa conduce ad intessere un peculiare rapporto con ogni contesto territoriale in cui essa è radicata (Giorni, Giunta, Coppola &Lo Verso, 2009). Tale prospettiva di studio non poteva escludere un’attenzione psicologicamente, geograficamente e culturalmente mirata anche delle altre mafie. Nella consapevolezza della minore accuratezza delle osservazioni che guardano non ancora a realtà comunali (come è stato per le ricerche in Sicilia) ma conformazioni regionali, si sta tentando oggi di mettere a punto un primo inquadramento psicologico delle connotazioni di senso che i sistemi criminali assumono nelle altre regioni del Sud. Il seguente lavoro si inserisce in questo, faticoso e complesso, progetto conoscitivo e aggiunge un segmento di sapere su una delle grandi organizzazioni criminali del nostro paese: la ‘Nrangheta. Proponiamo, qui, una lettura della mafia calabrese attraverso le informazioni emerse nel corso di una ricerca-intervento che ha avuto come campo d’indagine la struttura circondariale S. Pietro di Reggio Calabria, in cui sono detenuti soggetti con condanna pendente per associazione di stampo mafioso. Dopo una breve descrizione della struttura ‘ndranghetista, il contributo di ricerca propone una lettura dell’istituzione contenitiva, attraverso un apposito strumento di osservazione del setting che permette di contestualizzare le osservazioni dentro lo specifico campo d’azione. Asse portante del lavoro presentato, dal punto di vista teorico e metodologico, è l’analisi qualitativa dei gruppi di elaborazione clinico-sociali svolti con i detenuti che hanno rappresentato la principale fonte per ottenere nuovi dati di ricerca. Segnaliamo, infine, il carattere esplorativo di questo studio per l’assenza di una letteratura cui riferirsi.

Coppola, E., Giunta, S., Lo Verso, G. (2010). The 'Ndrangheta between imprisonment reality and organizational ideality: a psychological clinical research. RIVISTA DI PSICOLOGIA CLINICA, 2010, 80-99.

The 'Ndrangheta between imprisonment reality and organizational ideality: a psychological clinical research

GIUNTA, Serena;LO VERSO, Girolamo
2010-01-01

Abstract

Mafia is a complex, pervasive, terrifying phenomenon which has troubled the more disparate brains, competences and expertises. Science, specially psichological-clinic, cannot evade producing its cognitive contribution helping in the work due to contrast through cultural and social-clinic intervention instruments. It is necessary to achieve a contingent and severe, composite and deepened contextual and historicized analysis of the psychic displays related to the mafia phenomenon. Clinical psychology first task, in this way, is to consider the phenomenon's psychological thickness, the social trouble proportions which it has created, by encouraging cognitive emotional and cultural clearness, even when it takes to trouble cosciences and disturb society's self evaluation: in clinical research and practice, honest view represent essential precondition for change. We often see two-dimensional news with forgettable names, scenes of cartridge cases hooped with chalk, sheets on the asphalt, bodies in some way all the same. But the are not all the same. Victims have names and faces, Mafias have places and towns. South criminal systems present exact anthropological rootings that are identitary corpus on which are organized internal structures, rules, criminal activities, psyche of members of Mafia. To keep sald this principle of non-superposition and of specifity, from the writers point of view, it is essential to understand the phenomenon, as often the homogenization of the research objects, of their sources, of their social transformation is the most tricky obstacle to its comprehension (Carli & Paniccia, 2003). In the study of criminal systems, without an exact collocation and definition of boundaries, occurs the risk setting to zero the phenomenon's intelligibility and of being psychologically overwhelmed by the abnormal proportions it seems to assume. It appears obvious how the methodological choice to locate our objects of research responds to two requirements that cannot be disregarded: one of epystemological matrix which regards the inquired phenomenon delimitation to individualized the context composition in which it sets (Ceruti & Lo Verso, 1998); the other one of an exquisitely psychological kind which allows to unmask emotionalmanipulation strategies adopted by Mafias. I.e. task of the psychological – clinic work is to distinguish, redesign, reshuffle, break mafias' almightiness suggestions that feed peoples' fears and defeatism. For this reason, our research group has chosen, in the last years, to operate on the psycho-anthropological location of Cosa Nostra, 'Ndrangheta and Camorra to focus a realistic view on the individualization of possibilities to crime and to develop the South. This clearly without shading the symbolical and factual net of connections which ties the three greats mafias, but avoiding worrying and fascinating blow ups which collude with the criminal systems' desiring power. During our research, our ferryage from a macroscopic to a microscopic paradigm regarded in first place Cosa Nostra, whose organizational complexity leads to interweave a peculiar relation with each territorial context in which it is deeply rooted (Giorgi, Giunta, Coppola & Lo Verso G., 2009). This prospect of research could not exclude an attention psychologically geographically and culturally aimed also towards the other Mafias. In the awareness of the less accuracy of observation that regard not yet town reality (as it was for research in Sicily) as regional conformation we are today tring to realize a first psychological framing of the meaning features which criminal systems take in the other areas of the south. The following work is part of this hard and complex cognitive project and it adds a knowledge segment about one of the huger criminal organization in our country: the 'Ndrangheta. We offer here a calabrian Mafia reading trough informations come out from an intervention research on S. Pietro di Reggio Calabria's prison where there are prisoners with a pending conviction for mafia association. After a short description of the 'Ndrangheta structure, the research contribution offers a reading view of the prison by a special instrument of setting observation which allows to context observations in the specific action range. Backbone of this work, from a theoric and methodological point of view, is the qualitative analysis of the clinic-social elaboration groups occurred with the prisoners, who represented the main source for new research data. We also point out the explorative character of this work as there is no literature to which refer.
2010
Coppola, E., Giunta, S., Lo Verso, G. (2010). The 'Ndrangheta between imprisonment reality and organizational ideality: a psychological clinical research. RIVISTA DI PSICOLOGIA CLINICA, 2010, 80-99.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10447/50815
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