Tubal function in divers and non-divers: case control study

Background. The aim of this study was to examine whether recurrent scuba diving during the time and frequent use of Valsalva’s manoeuvre while diving, increase functionality of divers’ Eustachian Tube (ET) comparison with non-divers. Methods. The study included 30 experienced divers (G1), mean age 25,8 years, who were diving from over 10 years. The control group consisted of 30 non-divers (G2), mean age 31,3 years. Each sample underwent clinical examination to identify predisposing conditions to middle ear barotraumas and ET dysfunction. ET function has been investigated by Inflation-Deflation test that shows baseline tympanogram, a second tympanogram shifted of the peak towards positive values of 20 mmH20 or more and a third tympanogram shifted of the peak towards negative values of 20 mmH20 or more, as a result of the action of the elastics components in a normal tube. Classification of ET function:normofunction, hypofunction and hyperfunction. Results. Among divers the ET function resulted, also in the presence of risk factors, normofunction (50%) and hyperfunction (50%); for non-divers in 23,3% of cases it was evidenced an ET hypofunction suggesting statistically significant difference (χ2= 6,4656; P=0,0197). Conclusions. The results show significant greater Eustachian Tube function in divers than in the control group also in the presence of risk factors. It can be explained as a frequent use of Valsalva’s manoeuvre during the time cause changes in middle ear vibration system and Eustachian Tube function.