L’osservazione partecipante. Un topos metodologico problematico

While it is well known that fieldwork started long before Malinowski, it is equally well known that the ethnographic method based on participant observation has been, since the 1920’s, taken as a foundation for anthropological research and for the scientific status of the knowledge acquired by its means. This essay has several purposes: highlighting some issues related to Malinowski’s theory and practice of research, which are full of implications not always grasped in their theoretical and methodological complexity; recalling some criticisms that have been put forward in the anthropological debate towards the notion of reflexive observation; discussing some uses and abuses of ethnographic practice in disciplinary domains other than anthropology.