AIM: Superior mesenteric vein thrombosis (SMVT) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening postoperative complication of colorectal surgery. Risk factors and prognosis of SMVT have been poorly described and data to create gold standard criteria for diagnosis and management are lacking. SMVT has a wide spectrum of clinical presentation, hence, its early identification may be a diagnostic challenge. CASE REPORT: 56 year old obese female patient with inherited prothrombotic condition underwent an open right hemicolectomy plus cholecystectomy; the immediate postoperative course was uneventful but on postoperative day 8, already at home, she experienced post-prandial abdominal pain without any other local or systemic signs or symptoms. The CT scan showed a complete thrombosis of the superior mesenteric vein without any bowel complications. Immediately submitted to systemic subcutaneous anticoagulation bridge therapy to a lifelong oral anticoagulation she had a complete clinical recovery on postoperative day 17, despite the persistence at CT scan of complete SMVT without any intestinal suffering. DISCUSSION: SMVT is a multifactorial event where both local and general factors are involved. Conclusive data about comparison of SMVT incidence in laparoscopic vs open colorectal surgery and those about its incidence in cancer vs non cancer groups of patients in relation to the surgical technique are missing. Variability of clinical course and the absence of specific signs, symptoms and laboratory findings make diagnosis of SMVT challenging, therefore it is crucial to have high suspicion. As for the treatment, first line approach is systemic anticoagulation therapy with LMWH for at least 6 months, followed by oral anticoagulation, the earlier we initiate the therapy the greater rate of recanalization we will get. CONCLUSION: prompt diagnosis and more aggressive thromboprophylaxis in patients with inherited or acquired risk factors may prevent the negative evolution towards bowel necrosis of SMVT. KEY WORDS: Colorectal surgery, Superior mesenteric vein thrombosis, Hypercoagulable disorders, Thromboprophylaxis.

INTRODUZIONE: La SMVT è una seria, rara complicanza della chirurgia addominale. I fattori di rischio sono molteplici, ma scarsamente descritti tanto che i dati sono insufficienti per creare gold standard per la diagnosi e trattamento. La SMVT ha un ampio spettro di presentazioni cliniche, così che spesso la sua diagnosi precoce può essere complessa. CASE REPORT: Una donna obesa di 56 anni con un disordine protrombotico ereditario è stata sottoposta ad emicolectomia destra e colecistectomia open; l’immediato decorso post-operatorio è stato regolare e la paziente è stata dimessa in quinta giornata post-operatoria. In ottava giornata post-operatoria la paziente ha presentato dolore addominale diffuso post-prandiale, in assenza di altri segni o sintomi. La CT ha mostrato una trombosi completa della vena mesenterica superiore senza sofferenza intestinale. La paziente è stata quindi immediatamente sottoposta a terapia sistemica anticoagulante sottocutanea convertita successivamente ad anticoagulanti orali sine die, con completa risoluzione clinica in diciassettesima giornata post-operatoria, nonostante la persistenza radiologica della completa trombosi della vena mesenterica superiore in assenza di segni di sofferenza colica. DISCUSSIONE: La trombosi della vena mesenterica superiore è una condizione ad eziologica multifattoriale. Attualmente mancano dati conclusivi riguardo il confronto della sua incidenza nella chirurgia open o laparoscopica e, in gruppi di pazienti oncologici e non in relazione alla tecnica chirurgica. La diagnosi è resa difficoltosa dalla variabilità di presentazione clinica e dall’assenza di sintomi, segni e alterazioni di laboratorio specifiche, così che per la diagnosi, è necessario avere un alto indice di sospetto. Per quanto riguarda la terapia, l’approccio di prima linea prevede una terapia anticoagulante sistemica con EBPM per almeno 6 mesi con un successivo passaggio alla terapia anticoagulante orale; prima si inizia la terapia più alto sarà il tasso di rivascolarizzazione. CONCLUSIONI: Una diagnosi precoce e una più aggressiva profilassi antitrombotica in pazienti con fattori di rischio congeniti o acquisiti possono prevenire una evoluzione negativa della SMVT.

D'Orazio B., Damiano G., Corbo G., Santangelo G., Di Vita G.G., Geraci G. (2019). Superior mesenteric vein thrombosis following open right hemicolectomy and cholecystectomy. Casr report. ANNALI ITALIANI DI CHIRURGIA, 8 [10.3269/1970-5492.2014.9.12].

Superior mesenteric vein thrombosis following open right hemicolectomy and cholecystectomy. Casr report

D'Orazio B.;Damiano G.;Corbo G.;Santangelo G.;Di Vita G. G.
;
Geraci G.
2019-01-01

Abstract

AIM: Superior mesenteric vein thrombosis (SMVT) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening postoperative complication of colorectal surgery. Risk factors and prognosis of SMVT have been poorly described and data to create gold standard criteria for diagnosis and management are lacking. SMVT has a wide spectrum of clinical presentation, hence, its early identification may be a diagnostic challenge. CASE REPORT: 56 year old obese female patient with inherited prothrombotic condition underwent an open right hemicolectomy plus cholecystectomy; the immediate postoperative course was uneventful but on postoperative day 8, already at home, she experienced post-prandial abdominal pain without any other local or systemic signs or symptoms. The CT scan showed a complete thrombosis of the superior mesenteric vein without any bowel complications. Immediately submitted to systemic subcutaneous anticoagulation bridge therapy to a lifelong oral anticoagulation she had a complete clinical recovery on postoperative day 17, despite the persistence at CT scan of complete SMVT without any intestinal suffering. DISCUSSION: SMVT is a multifactorial event where both local and general factors are involved. Conclusive data about comparison of SMVT incidence in laparoscopic vs open colorectal surgery and those about its incidence in cancer vs non cancer groups of patients in relation to the surgical technique are missing. Variability of clinical course and the absence of specific signs, symptoms and laboratory findings make diagnosis of SMVT challenging, therefore it is crucial to have high suspicion. As for the treatment, first line approach is systemic anticoagulation therapy with LMWH for at least 6 months, followed by oral anticoagulation, the earlier we initiate the therapy the greater rate of recanalization we will get. CONCLUSION: prompt diagnosis and more aggressive thromboprophylaxis in patients with inherited or acquired risk factors may prevent the negative evolution towards bowel necrosis of SMVT. KEY WORDS: Colorectal surgery, Superior mesenteric vein thrombosis, Hypercoagulable disorders, Thromboprophylaxis.
2019
D'Orazio B., Damiano G., Corbo G., Santangelo G., Di Vita G.G., Geraci G. (2019). Superior mesenteric vein thrombosis following open right hemicolectomy and cholecystectomy. Casr report. ANNALI ITALIANI DI CHIRURGIA, 8 [10.3269/1970-5492.2014.9.12].
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10447/436755
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