The city of Palermo and its surrounding valley is an important historic irrigated landscape, characterized by underground hydraulic structures and by a long tradition of irrigation sys- tems inherited from the Islamic presence in Sicily throughout the Middle Ages (9th-11th century). The Islamic “green revolution” radically innovated the irrigation systems of Sicily and thus also lead to the introduction and diffusion of new irrigated crops. In Palermo’s sub- urban areas, 63 hydraulic infrastructure and drainage tunnel sites have been surveyed and classified into 4 hydraulic categories: 1) qanāts; 2) blind qanāts; 3) connected wells; 4) emerging drainage galleries. These structures, notwithstanding some doubts concerning their exact dating, seem to be typical of the Medieval period. The Norman Favara / Maredolce castle and park (12th century) is a particularly interesting case study in evalu- ating the role of Islamic heritage in Palermo valley water management and is an extraordi- nary example of how Islamic hydraulic engineering was used to demonstrate royal power. Keywords: historical water systems, hydrogeology, historical landscape ecology, Islamic archaeology, medieval Sicily

La città di Palermo e la sua valle circostante sono un importante paesaggio storico irriguo, caratterizzato da strutture idrauliche sotterranee e da una lunga tradizione di sistemi di irrigazione ereditati dalla presenza islamica in Sicilia nel medioevo (IX-XI secolo). La “rivo- luzione verde” islamica ha radicalmente innovato i sistemi di irrigazione siciliani e questo portò all’introduzione e alla diffusione di nuove specie coltivate. Nell’area suburbana di Pa- lermo sono stati indagati 63 infrastrutture idrauliche e tunnel di scolo, classificati in 4 ca- tegorie: 1) qanāts; 2) qanāts ciechi; 3) pozzi collegati; 4) gallerie di scolo emergenti. Que- ste strutture, nonostante alcuni dubbi circa la loro esatta datazione, sembra siano tipici del periodo medievale. Il castello normanno di Favara / Maredolce e il suo parco (XII secolo) è un interessante caso studio per valutare il ruolo del patrimonio islamico nella gestione dell’acqua nella valle palermitana ed è uno straordinario esempio di come l’ingegneria idrau- lica islamica fosse usata per dimostrare il potere reale.

Pietro Todaro, G.B. (2020). Qanāts and historical irrigated landscapes in Palermo’s suburban area (Sicily). POST-CLASSICAL ARCHAEOLOGIES, 10, 335-370.

Qanāts and historical irrigated landscapes in Palermo’s suburban area (Sicily)

Giuseppe Bazan
2020-01-01

Abstract

The city of Palermo and its surrounding valley is an important historic irrigated landscape, characterized by underground hydraulic structures and by a long tradition of irrigation sys- tems inherited from the Islamic presence in Sicily throughout the Middle Ages (9th-11th century). The Islamic “green revolution” radically innovated the irrigation systems of Sicily and thus also lead to the introduction and diffusion of new irrigated crops. In Palermo’s sub- urban areas, 63 hydraulic infrastructure and drainage tunnel sites have been surveyed and classified into 4 hydraulic categories: 1) qanāts; 2) blind qanāts; 3) connected wells; 4) emerging drainage galleries. These structures, notwithstanding some doubts concerning their exact dating, seem to be typical of the Medieval period. The Norman Favara / Maredolce castle and park (12th century) is a particularly interesting case study in evalu- ating the role of Islamic heritage in Palermo valley water management and is an extraordi- nary example of how Islamic hydraulic engineering was used to demonstrate royal power. Keywords: historical water systems, hydrogeology, historical landscape ecology, Islamic archaeology, medieval Sicily
2020
Pietro Todaro, G.B. (2020). Qanāts and historical irrigated landscapes in Palermo’s suburban area (Sicily). POST-CLASSICAL ARCHAEOLOGIES, 10, 335-370.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10447/421269
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