Fiscal competition. Definizioni e modalità concrete

This work aims to analyze the characteristics of fiscal competition within the framework of both real and financial globalization and its implications in the relationships between states and corporations. It is also the first step in a larger study examining the positive and negative effects of tax competition and bank secrecy competition. In effect, outcomes in fiscal competition are produced by the sum of two different, but related, kinds of competition: tax competition and bank secrecy competition. In terms of the manifestation of tax competition, our analysis points to the phenomenon in which sovereign countries aim to attract both portfolio investments as well as direct investment by lowering their effective tax rate. As for the expression of bank secrecy competition, this paper underlines how legislative provisions allow for a strong bank secrecy regime and effective non-cooperation with foreign fiscal authorities. This, in turn, affects the outcome of fiscal competition in a way that allows " financial havens " to be the winners, by definition, of fiscal competition. Finally, it should be noted that the legislative functions of states are influenced by economic power and, in this scenario, our analysis shows the manner in which the principles of democracy and equality are changing in order to promote economic efficiency.

Questo lavoro si propone di analizzare le caratteristiche della competizione fiscale, nel framework della globalizzazione reale e finanziaria, e le sue implicazioni nelle relazioni tra Stati e imprese multinazionali. Peraltro, lo stesso rappresenta la prima tappa di un più complesso studio che si propone di analizzare gli effetti positivi e negativi della tax competition e bank secrecy competition. Di fatti, il risultato della fiscal competition è dato da due differenti, ma relazionati, tipi di competizione: quella più propriamente tributaria e quella " bancaria ". Quanto alla prima, la nostra analisi mira a rivelare il fenomeno per il quale gli Stati sovrani cercano di attrarre sia gli investimenti di portfolio sia gli investimenti diretti esteri attraverso la diminuzione dell'aliquota fiscale effettivamente applicata. Sotto il profilo della competizione nel segreto bancario, questo lavoro sottolinea come le previsioni legislative