According to a passage of Pausanias’ Periegesis (i, 33, 2-4), the statue of Nemesis in Rhamnous was made by Phidias from a piece of Parian marble, which the Persians had brought along at the time of the battle of Marathon to build a trophy, sure as they were that they were going to conquer Athens. The Periegete describes in detail the agalma of Nemesis, defining her as the most implacable against the hybristai. The statue has a crown with deer and small images of Nike. In the left hand, she carries an apple branch, and in the right hand a phiale on which Aethiopians are carved. Pausanias reports that he was not able to guess the reasons why Aethiopians were represented on the phiale, and he does not accept the statement of those who give as an explanation the fact that they live near the river Ocean, and Ocean is the father of Nemesis. Pausanias then proceeds with an excursus in a Herodotean manner to demonstrate that the Aethiopians never dwelled on a river Ocean, and he adds that in any case Ocean is not a river, but rather the extreme part of the sea navigated by men. He thus accepts the genealogy that makes Nemesis Ocean’s daughter. He repeats it in Book 7 (5, 1-3) where, speaking about the two Nemeseis of Smyrnai, he specifies that the dwellers of Smyrnai assign them Night as mother, while the Athenians say Ocean is the father of Nemesis. Pausanias insists upon this double genealogy for Nemesis, referring to the Hesiodic Theogony (211-225) and the Athenian tradition, respectively. This paper aims at exploring the origins and the terms of the Athenian tradition, describing Nemesis, who implacably sanctions the overwhelming of the limit, as a child of Ocean, himself a liminal figure who marks the spatial borders of human action.

In un passo della Periegesi (i, 33, 2-4), Pausania riferisce che la statua di Nemesis, nel demo attico di Ramnunte, era opera di Fidia ed era stata scolpita da un blocco di marmo pario che i Persiani portarono con loro all’epoca della battaglia di Maratona per farne un trofeo. Essi erano infatti convinti che avrebbero conquistato Atene. Il Periegeta descrive nel dettaglio l’agalma della dea, definendola la più implacabile contro gli hybristai. La statua portava sulla testa una corona decorata con cervi e piccoli agalmata di Nike. Nella mano sinistra aveva un ramo di melo, mentre nella destra una phiale sulla quale erano rappresentati degli Etiopi. Pausania dice di non essere stato in grado di scoprire il motivo di tale decorazione, ma afferma di non condividere la spiegazione di coloro che sostengono che la ragione sia da ricercare nel fatto che gli Etiopi vivono presso la corrente del fiume Oceano che sarebbe, a sua volta, il padre di Nemesis. Il Periegeta procede poi a un excursus di sapore tipicamente erodoteo per dimostrare che gli Etiopi non abitano sull’Oceano e che quest’ultimo non è affatto un fiume, ma la parte estrema del mare navigato dagli uomini. Egli accetta dunque la versione locale che Nemesis sia la figlia di Oceano e la ripete ancora nel vii libro (5,1-3) dove, parlando delle due Nemesis di Smirne, precisa che gli Smirnei invece assegnano alla divinità Notte come madre, mentre gli Ateniesi dicono che sia Oceano il padre. Pausania insiste su questa doppia genealogia, che fa riferimento tanto alla Teogonia di Esiodo (vv. 211-225), quanto alla tradizione ateniese. Questo articolo si propone di esplorare le origini e i termini di questa tradizione locale che descrive Nemesis sia come una divinità che sanziona implacabilmente, sia come la figlia di Oceano: quest’ultimo, a sua volta, figura liminale che marca i limiti spaziali dell’azione umana.

Bonanno, D. (2019). Ocean’s Child Worshipping Nemesis in Ancient Rhamnous. STUDI E MATERIALI DI STORIA DELLE RELIGIONI, 85(1), 318-337.

Ocean’s Child Worshipping Nemesis in Ancient Rhamnous

Bonanno, D
2019-01-01

Abstract

According to a passage of Pausanias’ Periegesis (i, 33, 2-4), the statue of Nemesis in Rhamnous was made by Phidias from a piece of Parian marble, which the Persians had brought along at the time of the battle of Marathon to build a trophy, sure as they were that they were going to conquer Athens. The Periegete describes in detail the agalma of Nemesis, defining her as the most implacable against the hybristai. The statue has a crown with deer and small images of Nike. In the left hand, she carries an apple branch, and in the right hand a phiale on which Aethiopians are carved. Pausanias reports that he was not able to guess the reasons why Aethiopians were represented on the phiale, and he does not accept the statement of those who give as an explanation the fact that they live near the river Ocean, and Ocean is the father of Nemesis. Pausanias then proceeds with an excursus in a Herodotean manner to demonstrate that the Aethiopians never dwelled on a river Ocean, and he adds that in any case Ocean is not a river, but rather the extreme part of the sea navigated by men. He thus accepts the genealogy that makes Nemesis Ocean’s daughter. He repeats it in Book 7 (5, 1-3) where, speaking about the two Nemeseis of Smyrnai, he specifies that the dwellers of Smyrnai assign them Night as mother, while the Athenians say Ocean is the father of Nemesis. Pausanias insists upon this double genealogy for Nemesis, referring to the Hesiodic Theogony (211-225) and the Athenian tradition, respectively. This paper aims at exploring the origins and the terms of the Athenian tradition, describing Nemesis, who implacably sanctions the overwhelming of the limit, as a child of Ocean, himself a liminal figure who marks the spatial borders of human action.
2019
Settore L-ANT/02 - Storia Greca
Bonanno, D. (2019). Ocean’s Child Worshipping Nemesis in Ancient Rhamnous. STUDI E MATERIALI DI STORIA DELLE RELIGIONI, 85(1), 318-337.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10447/361122
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