Comparison between euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp and surrogate indices of insulin sensitivity in children with growth hormone deficiency

Objective: Data about the impact of growth hormone treatment (GHT) on insulin sensitivity in children are quite controversial, due to the different surrogate indices that have been used. Design: We evaluated insulin sensitivity through the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, considered the gold standard technique, in 23 children affected by growth hormone deficiency (GHD) at baseline and after 12. months of GHT and in 12 controls with short stature at baseline, and we compared the clamp-derived index (M-value) with the most commonly used surrogate index of insulin sensitivity, as ISI Matsuda, and with circulating plasma markers of insulin sensitivity, as adiponectin and resistin levels. Results: At baseline, no significant difference in all metabolic parameters between GHD children and control subjects was found. After 12. months of GHT, GHD children showed a significant increase in fasting insulin (p <. 0.001) and resistin (p = 0.028) and a decrease in ISI Matsuda (p <. 0.001) and M-value (p. <. 0.001), without significant change in fasting glucose, HbA1c and adiponectin. In GHD children, M-value showed a significant but weak correlation with ISI Matsuda (rho 0.418, p = 0.047) at baseline, while no correlation with other parameters was found. After 12. months of GHT, M-value did not show any significant correlation with any other metabolic parameter analyzed. Conclusions: This study highlights the limit of the evaluation of insulin sensitivity performed through surrogate indices or circulating markers, which may lead to controversial data and do not correlate with the gold standard technique to evaluate insulin sensitivity.