This work investigates the exploitation of a historical timber device used as masonry reinforcement in seismic prevention in the Mediterranean area. Such a technology is realized by means of a three-dimensional timber frame embedded in stone masonry in order to bind together the various structural parts, and contribute to the overall seismic resistance. Very often, such a constructive principle was extended not only to the weakest parts but to the whole building, creating new structural configurations that were able to absorb the effects of seismic ground motions. From Roman times (opus craticium), this system spread all across the Mediterranean area becoming common during the eighteenth century in Italy (Bourbon casa baraccata), in Portugal (Pombaline gaiola), in Turkey (hımış), etc. However, examples of timber devices and frameworks may be found almost worldwide: in the continental northern Europe, including those countries that are usually not subjected to earthquakes, as well as in Central Asia or in Japan, to America and North Africa. A large number of examples are reported to show how some traditional technologies, along with the suboptimal rules of the art, made a robust construction possible. Furthermore, by means of philological criterion and detailed analysis of seismic vulnerability improvement, the knowledge of such a system may allow developing novel designs and specific preservation works that could ensure the structural safety of historical constructions without modifying their main structural configuration. From such a perspective, this study examines the aspects of using diffused timber frameworks with masonry infill that go beyond anti-seismic technology, describes the common constructive features and helps develop guidelines for preservation of such systems. Keywords: construction materials, constructive technology, historical architecture, masonry, seismic reinforcement, timber frame, wood.
Questo lavoro esamina l’uso di un dispositivo strutturale in legno storico utilizzato come rinforzo della muratura per i sistemi di prevenzione sismica nell'area mediterranea. Tale tecnologia viene realizzata mediante un telaio tridimensionale tridimensionale di legno incorporato nella muratura di pietra per legare insieme le varie parti strutturali e contribuire alla resistenza sismica complessiva. Molto spesso, questo principio costruttivo fu esteso non solo per le parti più deboli, ma per l'intero edificio, creando nuove configurazioni strutturali che erano in grado di assorbire gli effetti delle azioni sismiche. Dalle esperienze costruttive di epoca romana (opus craticium), questo sistema si diffuse rapidamente in tutto il territorio mediterraneo diventando comuni durante il XVIII secolo in Italia (casa baraccata), in Portogallo (gaiola pombalina), in Turchia (hımış), ecc. Tuttavia, esempi di dispositivi e di intelaiature lignee possono essere trovati quasi in tutta l’Europa settentrionale continentale, compresi quei Paesi che generalmente non sono soggetti a terremoti, così come in Asia centrale o in Giappone, in America e nel Nord Africa. Un gran numero di esempi viene in questo articolo segnalato per mostrare come alcune tecnologie tradizionali, insieme alla “regola dell'arte” hanno permesso alla architettura storica di sopravvivere nei secoli e di dimostrare la validità materico costruttiva e statico-strutturale di alcuni precetti costruttivi. Inoltre, mediante criteri filologici e analisi dettagliate del miglioramento della vulnerabilità sismica, la conoscenza di questi sistemi costruttivi può consentire lo sviluppo di nuovi progetti e la conservazione di manufatti edilizi, assicurando la sicurezza strutturale delle costruzioni storiche senza modificarne la principale configurazione strutturale. Da questa prospettiva, questo studio esamina l'uso diffuso strutture in legno con inserti in muratura che vanno ben oltre la tecnologia antisismica, descrivendone le comuni caratteristiche costruttive e identificando linee guida per la conservazione di tali sistemi.
Campisi, T., Saeli, M. (2017). TIMBER ANTI-SEISMIC DEVICES IN HISTORICAL ARCHITECTURE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS AND EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS, volume 5(Volume5, n.6), 940-952.
TIMBER ANTI-SEISMIC DEVICES IN HISTORICAL ARCHITECTURE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA
CAMPISI, Tiziana;SAELI, Manfredi
2017-01-01
Abstract
This work investigates the exploitation of a historical timber device used as masonry reinforcement in seismic prevention in the Mediterranean area. Such a technology is realized by means of a three-dimensional timber frame embedded in stone masonry in order to bind together the various structural parts, and contribute to the overall seismic resistance. Very often, such a constructive principle was extended not only to the weakest parts but to the whole building, creating new structural configurations that were able to absorb the effects of seismic ground motions. From Roman times (opus craticium), this system spread all across the Mediterranean area becoming common during the eighteenth century in Italy (Bourbon casa baraccata), in Portugal (Pombaline gaiola), in Turkey (hımış), etc. However, examples of timber devices and frameworks may be found almost worldwide: in the continental northern Europe, including those countries that are usually not subjected to earthquakes, as well as in Central Asia or in Japan, to America and North Africa. A large number of examples are reported to show how some traditional technologies, along with the suboptimal rules of the art, made a robust construction possible. Furthermore, by means of philological criterion and detailed analysis of seismic vulnerability improvement, the knowledge of such a system may allow developing novel designs and specific preservation works that could ensure the structural safety of historical constructions without modifying their main structural configuration. From such a perspective, this study examines the aspects of using diffused timber frameworks with masonry infill that go beyond anti-seismic technology, describes the common constructive features and helps develop guidelines for preservation of such systems. Keywords: construction materials, constructive technology, historical architecture, masonry, seismic reinforcement, timber frame, wood.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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