With the aim of a critical assessment, the paper deals with how the political dimension is configured in the theoretical approaches of Descola, Latour and Viveiros de Castro, as acknowledged leaders of the so-called “ontological turn” in human sciences during the last twenty years. This configuration is examined by two points of views: the role played by the political and power relations in the three scholars’ theories of the social, and the political implications that can be drawn from these lasts. I highlight the need to distinguish among, on one side, Descola’s approach, in which the political and power relations are features belonging to another level than that one of the logic of structuration of “ontologies” and ethos, even though influencing dominance of some modes rather than others as much as their historical changes and, from the other side, Latour and Viveiros de Castro’s approaches, in which ontology and politics are directly linked. In all these cases, I argue that these approaches does not account for the complexity of factors which mediate the relationships between ontology and politics, this generally being a blind spot for the “ontological turn”.
Il testo esamina, con un intento di valutazione critica, la configurazione della dimensione politica negli approcci teorici di Descola, Latour e Viveiros de Castro, considerati i capifila del cosiddetto ontological turn nelle scienze umane degli ultimi vent’anni. Questa configurazione è analizzata da due punti di vista: il ruolo giocato dal politico e dai rapporti di potere nelle teorie del sociale proposte dai tre studiosi, e le implicazioni politiche che essi annettono alle loro teorie. Si sottolinea la differenza tra l’approccio di Descola, in cui il politico e i rapporti di potere sono considerati elementi appartenenti a un piano diverso dalla logica di strutturazione delle “ontologie” e degli ethos che tuttavia influenzano la dominanza di alcuni modi piuttosto che altri e la loro dinamica storica di cambiamento, e gli approcci di Latour e Viveiros de Castro nei quali i nessi tra ontologia e politica sono intrinseci. In tutti e tre i casi, argomento che questi approcci teorici non rendono conto della complessità di fattori che mediano le relazioni tra ontologia e politica, e che ciò rappresenta più in generale un punto cieco dell’ontological turn.
Mancuso, A. (2016). Antropologia, “svolta ontologica”, politica. Descola, Latour, Viveiros de Castro. ARCHIVIO ANTROPOLOGICO MEDITERRANEO, 18(2), 97-132 [10.7432/AAM180207].
Antropologia, “svolta ontologica”, politica. Descola, Latour, Viveiros de Castro
MANCUSO, Alessandro
2016-01-01
Abstract
With the aim of a critical assessment, the paper deals with how the political dimension is configured in the theoretical approaches of Descola, Latour and Viveiros de Castro, as acknowledged leaders of the so-called “ontological turn” in human sciences during the last twenty years. This configuration is examined by two points of views: the role played by the political and power relations in the three scholars’ theories of the social, and the political implications that can be drawn from these lasts. I highlight the need to distinguish among, on one side, Descola’s approach, in which the political and power relations are features belonging to another level than that one of the logic of structuration of “ontologies” and ethos, even though influencing dominance of some modes rather than others as much as their historical changes and, from the other side, Latour and Viveiros de Castro’s approaches, in which ontology and politics are directly linked. In all these cases, I argue that these approaches does not account for the complexity of factors which mediate the relationships between ontology and politics, this generally being a blind spot for the “ontological turn”.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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