Investigation of recovery mechanisms in dye sensitized solar cells

We study the spontaneous recovery phenomenon displayed by solar cells sensitized with a ruthenium complex-based dye N719, which manifests with the increase over the time (from several minutes up to some days) of the short circuit current density Jsc and the open circuit voltage Voc, during cell illumination. Under dark conditions the current decreases over time after the application of forward bias voltages. We investigate the effects of temperature and electrolyte composition by means of current–voltage measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, both under dark and illumination conditions. The main result is that the recovery of the performances depends on the charge transport mechanism at the TiO2/electrolyte interface and is caused by the increasing of the electron lifetime in the titania. This effect could be explained by intercalation of ions H+ present in the electrolyte that limits the recombination of electrons from TiO_2 to the triiodide.