This paper reconstructs the medical-scientific debate triggered by an episode that happened in Cesena in 1731, when the partially incinerated body of the noblewoman Cornelia Bandi was found in a bedroom with no apparent traces of a fire. The resulting discussion in the scientific and scholarly world involved some of the most influential cultural figures of the time, from Giuseppe Bianchini to Scipione Maffei, Ludovico Antonio Muratori and even Immanuel Kant. Subsequently, in a radically different cultural context, it also aroused the interest of Giacomo Leopardi and Charles Dickens. There were some clear differences in the interpretations provided. On the Italian peninsula, attempts were made in the first half of the century to explain the phenomenon in a scientific way – albeit with many limits – unencumbered by the hermeneutical constraints of the behavioural matrix. Instead, in France and above all in America, from the late eighteenth century onwards the question had growing resonance because it was deemed to be closely related to the trend of alcoholism: now devoid of remaining doubts, temperance theories had identified overweight alcoholic women as the subjects most likely to die in this unusual way.
Il saggio ricostruisce il dibattito di matrice medico-scientifica scaturito da un caso di cronaca avvenuto a Cesena nel 1731, quando il cadavere della nobildonna Cornelia Bandi veniva trovato in stato di parziale incenerimento in una camera da letto che non presentava tracce alcune di rogo. Emergeva nel mondo scientifico ed erudito dell’epoca un dibattito che coinvolgeva alcuni dei personaggi più influenti della cultura coeva, da Giuseppe Bianchini a Scipione Maffei e Ludovico Antonio Muratori, sino a Immanuel Kant, e che più avanti, in un contesto culturale profondamente mutato, raccoglieva l’interesse di Giacomo Leopardi e Charles Dickens. Appare con tutta evidenza la differenza tra la penisola, in cui nella prima metà del secolo si provava a dare del fenomeno – pur tra molti limiti – una spiegazione scientifica immune dalle forzature ermeneutiche della matrice comportamentale, e il contesto francese e soprattutto americano, dove a partire dal tardo Settecento la questione suscitava un’eco crescente perché posta in stretta correlazione con la piaga dell’alcolismo: le teorie della «temperanza», ormai senza dubbi residui, avevano individuato nelle donne in sovrappeso e alcolizzate i soggetti predisposti a tali insoliti decessi.
Cusumano, N. (2014). Lo strano caso di Cornelia Bandi (1731). Un dibattito sulla «combustione spontanea» nel XVIII secolo. RIVISTA STORICA ITALIANA, 3(3), 913-950.
Lo strano caso di Cornelia Bandi (1731). Un dibattito sulla «combustione spontanea» nel XVIII secolo
CUSUMANO, Nicola
2014-01-01
Abstract
This paper reconstructs the medical-scientific debate triggered by an episode that happened in Cesena in 1731, when the partially incinerated body of the noblewoman Cornelia Bandi was found in a bedroom with no apparent traces of a fire. The resulting discussion in the scientific and scholarly world involved some of the most influential cultural figures of the time, from Giuseppe Bianchini to Scipione Maffei, Ludovico Antonio Muratori and even Immanuel Kant. Subsequently, in a radically different cultural context, it also aroused the interest of Giacomo Leopardi and Charles Dickens. There were some clear differences in the interpretations provided. On the Italian peninsula, attempts were made in the first half of the century to explain the phenomenon in a scientific way – albeit with many limits – unencumbered by the hermeneutical constraints of the behavioural matrix. Instead, in France and above all in America, from the late eighteenth century onwards the question had growing resonance because it was deemed to be closely related to the trend of alcoholism: now devoid of remaining doubts, temperance theories had identified overweight alcoholic women as the subjects most likely to die in this unusual way.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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