Modeling and design of Net ZEBs as integrated energy systems

Net-zero energy buildings (Net ZEBs) are emerging as a quantifiable design concept and a promising solution to minimizing the environmental impact of buildings. This is the main concept that is focused on this chapter with emphasis on dynamic modeling and examples of technological approaches to achieve net-zero energy. Appropriate modeling of building-integrated solar energy systems is essential for the design of Net ZEBs and the study of optimal control strategies. The net-zero energy balance may be achieved through a combination of passive and active solar technologies, heat pumps, combined heat and power, and energy efficiency measures to reduce energy consumption for lighting and appliances. The chapter presents approaches that are primarily used for modeling and simulating passive solar systems and some building-integrated solar systems. The economics of building integrated solar systems, such as building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal system (BIPV/T), are complex.