This paper aims to detect the role of the Nymphs and of “nymphal” imagery at Syracuse. Although the coins of Syracuse regularly depicted, from late 6th to late 4th century B.C., the local Nymph Arethousa, the importance of such a subject in cult and art is underestimated. As a matter of fact, the identification of the Nymphs through iconographic criteria is somewhat difficult, apart some triadic representations on votive Hellenistic pinakes. The female head antefixes, which were argued to depict the Nymphs and to decorate the roofs of small cult buildings of “major” deities (like Artemis or Kore-Persephone, associated with the Nymphs in local narratives), and several high-quality artifacts from the Late Archaic period onward, between which the Arethousa coins and the “Sikeliote” terracotta busts can give us a glimpse of the pervasiveness of the “nymphal” imagery in official, religious and domestic contexts. To that a literary testimony (Timaeus ap. Athen. VI, 250a) has to be related, according to which in Sicily (and at Syracuse) was customary to make sacrifices to the Nymphs “kata tas oikias”, dancing around their agalmata and spending the night in a drunken condition. The “urban” and “domestic” dimension of Nymphs’ cult can be connected to the deep transformations of the civic body during 5th and 4th century, which enhance the importance of nuptial ties and rituals in the “construction” of the fabric of the city, while from the Archaic age the cults of such deities answered the needs of the colonists and the phenomena of interaction with the natives. During the Hellenistic period the Nymphs seem to return to their “canonic” environment and patterns of worship; in the town itself, they are inserted in the rocky landscape artificially reshaped in the huge Hieronian sanctuaries of the Neapolis, where from mid 2nd century B.C. a series of “Rhodian” statuettes of Nymphs and a fine a relief with dancing Nymphs were dedicated.

L’articolo mira a individuare il ruolo delle Ninfe e dell’immaginario ‘ninfale’ a Siracusa, che resta sottostimato nonostante le monete cittadine adottino come emblema civico la Ninfa locale Arethousa dal tardo VI al tardo IV sec. a.C. Ciò è dovuto alla difficoltà di riconoscimento delle Ninfe attraverso criteri iconografici univoci, salvo alcune raffigurazioni triadiche sui pinakes votivi ellenistici. Le antefisse a testa femminile, che la Mertens- Horn ha supposto rappresentino Ninfe a decorazione di piccoli edifici cultuali di divinità “maggiori” (quali Artemis o Kore-Persephone, associate con le Ninfe nei racconti mitologici locali), e alcuni reperti di alto livello qualitativo a partire dall’epoca tardo arcaica – tra cui le monete con il tipo di Arethousa e i busti fittili di tipo “siceliota” – possono dare testimonianza dell’importanza dell’immaginario “ninfale” in contesti di carattere ufficiale, religioso e domestico, cui fa riferimento anche una testimonianza letteraria (Timaeus ap. Athen. VI, 250a) secondo cui in Sicilia (e a Siracusa) vi era l’usanza di fare sacrifici alle Ninfe “kata tas oikias”, danzando attorno ai loro agalmata per tutta la notte. La dimensione “urbana” e “domestica” del culto delle Ninfe, insolita rispetto al restante mondo greco, può essere una conseguenza dell’intensificata importanza delle nozze e dei connessi rituali in risposta alle profonde trasformazioni del corpo civico nel V e IV sec. a.C., quali strumenti essenziali della coesione e dell’armonia interna. Già da età arcaica, del resto, il culto di tali divinità degli elementi naturali aveva offerto un valido strumento nelle dinamiche di appropriazione del territorio da parte dei coloni e di interazione con gli indigeni. Nel periodo ellenistico le Ninfe sembrano rientrare nel loro habitat “canonico” e ricevere forme di venerazione più familiari anche in altre aree del mondo antico; per quanto riguarda la città di Siracusa è particolarmente degna di nota la loro integrazione nel paesaggio artisticamente “elaborato” nel grandioso complesso ieroniano della Neapolis, dove nel II sec. a.C. furono dedicate una serie di raffinate statuette di tipo rodio delle dee e un interessante rilievo con Ninfe danzanti.

Portale, E. (2015). Le Ninfe nell’arte di Siracusa. ARCHIVIO STORICO SIRACUSANO, s. IV n. IV, XLVII, 2012(s. IV n. IV, XLVII, 2012), 323-366.

Le Ninfe nell’arte di Siracusa

PORTALE, Elisa Chiara
2015-01-01

Abstract

This paper aims to detect the role of the Nymphs and of “nymphal” imagery at Syracuse. Although the coins of Syracuse regularly depicted, from late 6th to late 4th century B.C., the local Nymph Arethousa, the importance of such a subject in cult and art is underestimated. As a matter of fact, the identification of the Nymphs through iconographic criteria is somewhat difficult, apart some triadic representations on votive Hellenistic pinakes. The female head antefixes, which were argued to depict the Nymphs and to decorate the roofs of small cult buildings of “major” deities (like Artemis or Kore-Persephone, associated with the Nymphs in local narratives), and several high-quality artifacts from the Late Archaic period onward, between which the Arethousa coins and the “Sikeliote” terracotta busts can give us a glimpse of the pervasiveness of the “nymphal” imagery in official, religious and domestic contexts. To that a literary testimony (Timaeus ap. Athen. VI, 250a) has to be related, according to which in Sicily (and at Syracuse) was customary to make sacrifices to the Nymphs “kata tas oikias”, dancing around their agalmata and spending the night in a drunken condition. The “urban” and “domestic” dimension of Nymphs’ cult can be connected to the deep transformations of the civic body during 5th and 4th century, which enhance the importance of nuptial ties and rituals in the “construction” of the fabric of the city, while from the Archaic age the cults of such deities answered the needs of the colonists and the phenomena of interaction with the natives. During the Hellenistic period the Nymphs seem to return to their “canonic” environment and patterns of worship; in the town itself, they are inserted in the rocky landscape artificially reshaped in the huge Hieronian sanctuaries of the Neapolis, where from mid 2nd century B.C. a series of “Rhodian” statuettes of Nymphs and a fine a relief with dancing Nymphs were dedicated.
2015
Settore L-ANT/07 - Archeologia Classica
Portale, E. (2015). Le Ninfe nell’arte di Siracusa. ARCHIVIO STORICO SIRACUSANO, s. IV n. IV, XLVII, 2012(s. IV n. IV, XLVII, 2012), 323-366.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10447/103368
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