Large numbers of unfinished buildings have produced singular extra-urban, or even urban landscapes. These buildings are affected by the amount of time that is inseparable from the act of building: from the conception to the construction, until the beginning of the actual life cycle. An unfinished building stays there, where it was conceived and constructed, sometimes for many decades, while projects often remain sitting in the drawer. The starting observation territory for this book is southern Italy and Sicily over the last 50 years, where the "maifiniti" (never finished) buildings often, although not always, overlap with illegal building practices (abusivismo). However, due to the essence of the "maifiniti" buildings’ phenomenon, which is intrinsic to the act of building, we have managed to trace worldwide, in other geographical areas of the South, different articulations, approaches and types of consciousness, even finding and documenting some affinities and similarities. Generally, there is a tendency to become inured to this phenomenon, especially for those who live in areas where they look at the "maifiniti" landscapes every day. This lack of awareness virtually makes a large number of buildings disappear, as if they were invisible, while simply becoming aware of this presence would be important. It would be possible for example to draw these buildings and their settlements, describing and listing them, with the same kind of attention we put in a masterplan or in a survey of the old city centre. Besides architecture, other disciplines deal with this objects, which, being incomplete, are naturally open to any form of experiments (at least conceptually). Arts show different approaches and possibilities, because they find in these buildings a potential, interpretable, moldable material, which is open to the future. What exactly can we learn today from the "maifiniti" buildings as architectures? Moreover, what can we learn from "maifinito" as a cultural (or sub-cultural) phenomenon, often generated by the breaking of the rules? Are the results of "maifinito" only an excess of buildings, land consumption, and generically the destruction of our landscapes? Are there "maifiniti" buildings or settlements which, as architectures, urban areas, and landscapes, can propose positive elements from which to learn, concepts to absorb and complex practices to borrow, both for their own transformation and for different new projects? To answer these questions it is necessary to observe the "maifinito" phenomenon objectively, without any ideological bias, suspending judgment on some issues that would preclude any further investigation: the appearance of the buildings, their regular or legal nature, their current uselessness, and finally their state of deterioration. Only after this reduction, which leads us to the essence of the phenomenon, we can go back to the contingencies of the situations, and to their specific reasons. When we see that: - the "maifinito" has generated a surplus of built residential surface, compared to the scale of the real demand; - the quantity of "maifiniti" buildings has become stable compared to the previous decades; - the reasons to finish the buildings have often disappeared; - the existential projects, which for example aimed at the cohabitation of multiple family groups in one building, weren’t found viable; - the proposed dwelling models are by now obsolete; - the future which was expected never came true. What are we supposed to do? What is the future of these buildings? Starting from the incompleteness of the "maifinito", and because of its quantity, we could try to see it as a potential heritage, ready to be reactivated. Rather than new laws, or new urban plans, we need openings and mediations, which can propose new reasons for architectural projects; specific economic models; self-build strategies; temporary or definitive completions: all trying to meet current needs with the material and immaterial conditions produced by "maifinito".
Grandi quantità di edifici mai completati hanno prodotto speciali paesaggi extra-urbani, ma anche in alcuni casi interni a contesti urbani consolidati. Edifici che subiscono una condizione insita nel costruire: un atto che richiede una quantità di tempo – appunto di "costruzione" – dalla concezione alla realizzazione fino all’inizio del loro ciclo di vita, quindi mai immediato. Un edificio incompleto rimane lì dove è stato pensato e costruito, a volte per molti decenni, a differenza di un progetto, che come tanti, può rimanere in un cassetto. Il territorio di osservazione di partenza di questo libro è l’Italia del Sud e la Sicilia degli ultimi 50 anni, dove il fenomeno degli edifici "maifiniti" coincide e si sovrappone spesso – ma non sempre – con il cosiddetto abusivismo edilizio. Ma proprio perché in forme diverse il "maifinito" è un fenomeno nella sua essenza intrinseco al costruire, è stato possibile rintracciare in altre aree geografiche del "sud del mondo" altre articolazioni, modalità e consapevolezze, riscontrando e documentando a volte persino somiglianze e analogie In generale si registra una sorta di assuefazione a questo fenomeno, specialmente di chi, specialisti e non, questi paesaggi "maifiniti" li ha costantemente davanti agli occhi. Una mancanza di consapevolezza che sopprime e fa sparire una grande quantità di costruito in un grande limbo invisibile, mentre invece forse necessiterebbe di una nuova presa di coscienza. Eppure sarebbe possibile disegnarli questi edifici e le loro aggregazioni, descriverli, censirli, metterli in relazione, con la stessa attenzione con cui si fa un piano o un rilievo in un centro storico. Ma oltre all’architettura, anche altre discipline si rapportano con questa materia che, essendo incompleta, è per sua natura a disposizione per ogni forma di esperimenti, almeno concettualmente, e qui l’arte mostra diverse possibilità e approcci, perché trova di fronte a sé una materia potenziale, interpretabile, manipolabile, aperta al futuro. Cosa possiamo imparare oggi di preciso dagli edifici "maifiniti" in quanto organismi architettonici? E cosa dal "maifinito" in quanto fenomeno culturale (o sub-culturale), figlio spesso del non rispetto delle regole? I risultati del "maifinito", sono solo eccesso di edificato, consumo di suolo, genericamente distruzione dei nostri paesaggi? Vi sono dei singoli edifici "maifiniti" o loro aggregazioni, che dal punto di vista architettonico, urbano e paesaggistico, posseggono elementi positivi da cui imparare, concetti da assorbire e pratiche complesse da mutuare, sia per la loro trasformazione, che a disposizione per progetti ex-novo? Per tentare risposte è indispensabile una osservazione laica e non ideologica del fenomeno del "maifinito", è necessario mettere da parte e sospendere ogni forma di giudizio su alcune questioni, altrimenti insormontabili per andare avanti nel suo approfondimento: di tipo estetico, sulla natura regolare o legale delle sue manifestazioni, sulla inutilità attuale di questo costruito e infine sullo suo stato di degrado. Solo dopo questa riduzione, utile per arrivare alla essenza del fenomeno, si può ritornare alla contingenza delle situazioni e alle ragioni concrete e specifiche. Ma giunti a questo punto: in cui il progetto del "maifinito" è saltato dal punto di vista economico visto il surplus di superficie abitabile effettiva e potenziale che ha provocato rispetto alla domanda; in cui la quantità di "maifinito" si è stabilizzata rispetto ai decenni passati; in cui le motivazioni a completare sono ormai venute meno; in cui i progetti esistenziali che per esempio scommettevano sul convivere di gruppi familiari in un unico edificio ad appartamenti non hanno avuto seguito; in cui i modelli abitativi proposti risultano ormai obsoleti; in sintesi, in cui il futuro che ci si aspettava non è arrivato,…. Che fare? Quale ipotesi di futuro è possibile sostenere? Forse proprio a partire dal grado di incompletezza del "maifinito" e vista proprio la sua quantità, si può tentare di vederlo come un patrimonio potenziale in ogni momento riattivabile. Più che una nuova legge o nuovi piani urbanistici normativi, servono operazioni di apertura e di mediazione, che propongano nuove motivazioni per azioni progettuali, speciali modelli economici, strategie di autocostruzione, completamenti definitivi o temporanei Tutto ciò sempre a partire dall’incontro tra le esigenze odierne e attuali con le nuove condizioni materiali e immateriali prodotte dal "maifinito".
Licata, G. (2014). MAIFINITO. Macerata : Quodlibet.
MAIFINITO
LICATA, Gaetano
2014-01-01
Abstract
Large numbers of unfinished buildings have produced singular extra-urban, or even urban landscapes. These buildings are affected by the amount of time that is inseparable from the act of building: from the conception to the construction, until the beginning of the actual life cycle. An unfinished building stays there, where it was conceived and constructed, sometimes for many decades, while projects often remain sitting in the drawer. The starting observation territory for this book is southern Italy and Sicily over the last 50 years, where the "maifiniti" (never finished) buildings often, although not always, overlap with illegal building practices (abusivismo). However, due to the essence of the "maifiniti" buildings’ phenomenon, which is intrinsic to the act of building, we have managed to trace worldwide, in other geographical areas of the South, different articulations, approaches and types of consciousness, even finding and documenting some affinities and similarities. Generally, there is a tendency to become inured to this phenomenon, especially for those who live in areas where they look at the "maifiniti" landscapes every day. This lack of awareness virtually makes a large number of buildings disappear, as if they were invisible, while simply becoming aware of this presence would be important. It would be possible for example to draw these buildings and their settlements, describing and listing them, with the same kind of attention we put in a masterplan or in a survey of the old city centre. Besides architecture, other disciplines deal with this objects, which, being incomplete, are naturally open to any form of experiments (at least conceptually). Arts show different approaches and possibilities, because they find in these buildings a potential, interpretable, moldable material, which is open to the future. What exactly can we learn today from the "maifiniti" buildings as architectures? Moreover, what can we learn from "maifinito" as a cultural (or sub-cultural) phenomenon, often generated by the breaking of the rules? Are the results of "maifinito" only an excess of buildings, land consumption, and generically the destruction of our landscapes? Are there "maifiniti" buildings or settlements which, as architectures, urban areas, and landscapes, can propose positive elements from which to learn, concepts to absorb and complex practices to borrow, both for their own transformation and for different new projects? To answer these questions it is necessary to observe the "maifinito" phenomenon objectively, without any ideological bias, suspending judgment on some issues that would preclude any further investigation: the appearance of the buildings, their regular or legal nature, their current uselessness, and finally their state of deterioration. Only after this reduction, which leads us to the essence of the phenomenon, we can go back to the contingencies of the situations, and to their specific reasons. When we see that: - the "maifinito" has generated a surplus of built residential surface, compared to the scale of the real demand; - the quantity of "maifiniti" buildings has become stable compared to the previous decades; - the reasons to finish the buildings have often disappeared; - the existential projects, which for example aimed at the cohabitation of multiple family groups in one building, weren’t found viable; - the proposed dwelling models are by now obsolete; - the future which was expected never came true. What are we supposed to do? What is the future of these buildings? Starting from the incompleteness of the "maifinito", and because of its quantity, we could try to see it as a potential heritage, ready to be reactivated. Rather than new laws, or new urban plans, we need openings and mediations, which can propose new reasons for architectural projects; specific economic models; self-build strategies; temporary or definitive completions: all trying to meet current needs with the material and immaterial conditions produced by "maifinito".File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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