Organophosphorus pesticides are used for crop production and pest control. Although they are useful in agricultural management, they damage the living organisms because interfere with metabolic processes, furthermore the organophosphorus spread in environmental matrices such as the soil that is an important resource. The aim of this research was to study the biodiversity of organophosphorus degrader bacteria in mediterranean agricultural soils because the bacteria represent an useful source in the bioremediation of contaminated area. The bacteria were isolated from soils under different management systems, 47 strains were able to grow on parathion as carbon source. They were grouped into 20 Operational Taxonomic Units by analysing the Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer. This biodiversity was correlated to such physico-chemical properties of the mediterranean soils. In particular, a positive correlation was found between biodiversity, soil clay and carbon content. Representative isolates for each Operational Taxonomic Unit were randomly chosen for the partial sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Strains phylogenetically related to Sinorhizobium, Pseudoxanthomonas, Streptomyces iakyrus, Microbacterium takaoensis and Isoptericola dokdonensis have never mentioned as organophosphorus degraders. The pesticide biodegradation ability was tested on identified strains. It was evaluated in liquid medium and in three standard soils. Solid Phase Micro- Extraction and solid liquid extraction methods were coupled with gaschromatography and mass-spectrometry for the analysis of resulting organophosphorus compounds. Some of the analyzed strains showed a good ability in organophosphorus degradation.
I pesticidi organofosforici sono utilizzati per migliorare la produzione agricola e per il controllo dei parassiti. Nonostante i benefici effetti sull’agricoltura, i pesticidi danneggiano gli organismi viventi in quanto interferiscono con i processi metabolici e si diffondono nelle matrici ambientali, tra le quali il suolo, che rappresenta un’importante risorsa. Lo scopo del presente lavoro è stato quello di studiare la biodiversità di batteri degradatori di organofosforici, in suoli mediterranei, differenti per il tipo di coltura e le pratiche agronomiche. I batteri rappresentano infatti, un’utile strumento nella bonifica di aree contaminate. Dai suoli, sono stati isolati 47 ceppi, capaci di crescere in presenza di parathion, quale esclusiva fonte di carbonio. I batteri isolati sono stati raggruppati in 20 Unità Tassonomiche Operative, mediante analisi dello Spaziatore Intergenico Ribosomale. La biodiversità batterica è stata quindi correlata alle proprietà chimico-fisiche dei suoli considerati. In particolare si è evidenziata una correlazione positiva tra la biodiversità, il contenuto di argilla e di carbonio. Isolati rappresentativi, per ogni Unità Tassonomica Operativa, sono stati scelti casualmente, per il sequenziamento parziale del gene 16S rRNA. Alcuni ceppi sono stati affiliati a Pseudoxanthomonas, Streptomyces iakyrus, Microbacterium takaoensis e Isoptericola dokdonensi, mai citati in bibliografia tra i degradatori di organofosforici. Per alcuni dei ceppi identificati, è stata studiata la capacità di degradare gli organofosforici, in mezzo liquido ed in tre suoli standard. A tal fine, sono state utilizzate la microestrazione in fase solida e l’estrazione con solvente, unitamente alla gascromatografia e alla spettrometria di massa. Alcuni dei batteri esaminati, hanno mostrato una buona abilità degradativa.
(2011). ISOLAMENTO DI BATTERI DEGRADATORI DI ORGANOFOSFORICI DA SUOLI MEDITERRANEI. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2011).
ISOLAMENTO DI BATTERI DEGRADATORI DI ORGANOFOSFORICI DA SUOLI MEDITERRANEI
FODALE, Roberta
2011-04-13
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticides are used for crop production and pest control. Although they are useful in agricultural management, they damage the living organisms because interfere with metabolic processes, furthermore the organophosphorus spread in environmental matrices such as the soil that is an important resource. The aim of this research was to study the biodiversity of organophosphorus degrader bacteria in mediterranean agricultural soils because the bacteria represent an useful source in the bioremediation of contaminated area. The bacteria were isolated from soils under different management systems, 47 strains were able to grow on parathion as carbon source. They were grouped into 20 Operational Taxonomic Units by analysing the Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer. This biodiversity was correlated to such physico-chemical properties of the mediterranean soils. In particular, a positive correlation was found between biodiversity, soil clay and carbon content. Representative isolates for each Operational Taxonomic Unit were randomly chosen for the partial sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Strains phylogenetically related to Sinorhizobium, Pseudoxanthomonas, Streptomyces iakyrus, Microbacterium takaoensis and Isoptericola dokdonensis have never mentioned as organophosphorus degraders. The pesticide biodegradation ability was tested on identified strains. It was evaluated in liquid medium and in three standard soils. Solid Phase Micro- Extraction and solid liquid extraction methods were coupled with gaschromatography and mass-spectrometry for the analysis of resulting organophosphorus compounds. Some of the analyzed strains showed a good ability in organophosphorus degradation.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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