Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia (CML) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder in which leukaemic cells display a reciprocal t(9:22) translocation that results in the formation of the chimeric BCR-ABL oncoprotein with a constitutive tyrosine kinase activity. Imatinib mesylate (IM) is a selective well-tolerated inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase that has significantly improved the prognosis of patients with chronic phase CML. Despite this remarkable progress, a major problem associated with the administration of imatinib is acquired resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new anticancer agents and combinations that could improve responses and survival rates for CML. Recently, a considerable interest in the cancer field has focused on the role of the microenvironment in regulating the growth, survival and drug-resistance of leukaemic cells. Exosomes are small vesicles of 40-100 nm diameter that are initially formed within the endosomal compartment and are secreted when a multivesicular body (MVB) fuses with the plasma membrane. Exosomes released by cancer cells constitute an important part of the tumour microenvironment as they can transfer various messages to target cells thus affecting disease, pointing out the role of vesicles as new actors in the crosstalk between cancer and normal cells in the tumour microenvironment. The overall aim of this thesis is to evaluate the role of IM-sensitive and -resistant CML-derived exosomes in the modulation of tumour microenvironment and to test the ability of a new compounds in interfering in this crosstalk. Our data show that carboxyamidotriazole-orotate (CTO) is able to inhibit both in vitro and in vivo the growth of imatinib-resistant CML cells and to affect tumour microenvironment by modulating exosome-stimulated angiogenesis. CTO may be effective in targeting both cancer cell growth and the tumour microenvironment, thus suggesting a potential therapeutic utility in the treatment of leukaemia patients (chapter 1).We also report that leukaemic and stromal cells establish a bi-directional crosstalk: CML-derived exosomes induce the production of the proangiogenic cytokine IL8 in stromal cells thus sustaining the survival of CML cells in a paracrine way (chapter 2).
La Leucemia Mieloide Cronica (LMC) è una neoplasia ematologica causata dalla traslocazione reciproca t(9:22) con conseguente formazione dell'oncoproteina BCR-ABL con attività tirosin-chinasica costitutiva. L’Imatinib mesilato (IM) è un inibitore selettivo dell’oncoproteina che ha migliorato significativamente la prognosi dei pazienti affetti da LMC. Nonostante il successo terapeutico, un grave problema connesso con la somministrazione di imatinib è lo sviluppo di resistenza farmacologica. E’ quindi necessario lo sviluppo di nuovi agenti antineoplastici che abbiano come target non soltanto le cellule tumorali ma anche il microambiente che le circonda. Recentemente, infatti, l’attenzione dei ricercatori è volta allo studio del ruolo del microambiente tumorale nella regolazione della crescita, della sopravvivenza e della risposta ai farmaci delle cellule leucemiche. Gli esosomi sono piccole vescicole di diametro compreso tra 40-100 nm, rilasciati da molti tipi cellular comprese le cellule neoplastiche. Gli esosomi costituiscono una parte importante del microambiente tumorale, trasferiscono messaggi alle cellule bersaglio, influenzando così la progressione neoplastica. Lo scopo di questa tesi è valutare il ruolo degli esosomi rilasciati da cellule di LMC, sensibili e resistenti all’Imatinib, nella modulazione del microambiente tumorale e di testare la capacità di un nuovi composti di interferire in questo crosstalk. I nostri dati mostrano che il carbossiamidotriazolo-orotato (CTO) è in grado di inibire, sia in vitro che in vivo, la crescita delle cellule leucemiche imatinib-resistenti e contemporaneamente di inibire i meccanismi angiogenici stimolati dagli esosomi.Il CTO può dunque essere efficace sia nell’inibizione della crescita delle cellule tumorali che nella modulazione del microambiente tumorale, suggerendo così una sua potenziale utilità terapeutica nel trattamento dei pazienti affetti da LMC (capitolo 1). I nostri dati, inoltre, mostrano che le cellule leucemiche e le cellule stromali stabiliscono un crosstalk bi-direzionale: gli esosomi di LMC inducono la produzione della citochina proangiogenica IL8 in cellule stromali, determinando pertanto, mediante un meccanismo paracrino, la sopravvivenza delle cellule leucemiche (capitolo 2).
Raimondo, . (2014). Chronic myelogenous leukaemia- derived exosomes mediate autocrine and paracrine interplays within the tumour microenvironment: a role for IL8.
Chronic myelogenous leukaemia- derived exosomes mediate autocrine and paracrine interplays within the tumour microenvironment: a role for IL8
RAIMONDO, Stefania
2014-03-13
Abstract
Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia (CML) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder in which leukaemic cells display a reciprocal t(9:22) translocation that results in the formation of the chimeric BCR-ABL oncoprotein with a constitutive tyrosine kinase activity. Imatinib mesylate (IM) is a selective well-tolerated inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase that has significantly improved the prognosis of patients with chronic phase CML. Despite this remarkable progress, a major problem associated with the administration of imatinib is acquired resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new anticancer agents and combinations that could improve responses and survival rates for CML. Recently, a considerable interest in the cancer field has focused on the role of the microenvironment in regulating the growth, survival and drug-resistance of leukaemic cells. Exosomes are small vesicles of 40-100 nm diameter that are initially formed within the endosomal compartment and are secreted when a multivesicular body (MVB) fuses with the plasma membrane. Exosomes released by cancer cells constitute an important part of the tumour microenvironment as they can transfer various messages to target cells thus affecting disease, pointing out the role of vesicles as new actors in the crosstalk between cancer and normal cells in the tumour microenvironment. The overall aim of this thesis is to evaluate the role of IM-sensitive and -resistant CML-derived exosomes in the modulation of tumour microenvironment and to test the ability of a new compounds in interfering in this crosstalk. Our data show that carboxyamidotriazole-orotate (CTO) is able to inhibit both in vitro and in vivo the growth of imatinib-resistant CML cells and to affect tumour microenvironment by modulating exosome-stimulated angiogenesis. CTO may be effective in targeting both cancer cell growth and the tumour microenvironment, thus suggesting a potential therapeutic utility in the treatment of leukaemia patients (chapter 1).We also report that leukaemic and stromal cells establish a bi-directional crosstalk: CML-derived exosomes induce the production of the proangiogenic cytokine IL8 in stromal cells thus sustaining the survival of CML cells in a paracrine way (chapter 2).File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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S.Raimondo PhD_CD_7-1-14.pdf
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Descrizione: Stefania Raimondo, PhD thesis
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