Atlas of Sicilian Invertebrates listed in the Habitats Directive and the Bern Convention

This study compiles and verifies wildlife sightings for 19 terrestrial and freshwater invertebrates protected under the Habitats Directive and the Bern Convention in Sicily. Through the collection and georeferencing of data from historical and recent literature, museum collections, national and European databases, and citizen science contributions, a unified database has been created, enabling the production of up-to-date maps, which are essential for the spatial representation of species. The maps we have produced show over 1,184 records (of which 722 date from after 2000), highlighting concentrations of occurrences with high spatial precision (classes A–B) and revealing both biodiversity hotspots and locations with significant data gaps. Around 65% of the records for these species are found within Natura 2000 sites, but the maps also highlight distributions extending beyond known boundaries, substantially broadening the regional distribution picture. A comparison with official databases has revealed numerous records that have not yet been formally recorded and has provided a significant wealth of additional information for most of the taxa considered. The results obtained highlight the crucial role of mapping in conservation planning: maps are, in fact, essential tools for identifying priorities for action, monitoring the condition of habitats and designing targeted management measures. The following are recommended: the establishment of systematic monitoring schemes based on habitat quality indicators; validation protocols for citizen science contributions; and the urgent adoption of a regional Red List of invertebrates to improve prioritisation and management measures.