SUSTAINABILITY OF SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY POLICIES THROUGH ENHANCING PERFORMANCE OF MUNICIPAL POLICE AND LOCAL STAKEHOLDERS: APPLYING DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT AND GOVERNANCE IN THE PALERMO CASE

The primary challenge in sustaining sustainable mobility policies in Palermo includes mobility access violations, such as unauthorized private vehicles (e.g., cars, motorcycles, mopeds, and micromobility) parking and passing in pedestrian areas and limited traffic zones. To address these issues, this research examines strategies to enhance the intended performance outputs and outcomes of municipal police at the individual, organizational, and inter-institutional levels. This includes initiatives by local stakeholders. To this end, the analysis employed street-level bureaucracy theory, integrated with collaborative approaches and sustainable mobility concepts, as the theoretical framework. This research applied Dynamic Performance Management (DPM) and Dynamic Performance Governance (DPG) approaches to frame the causal mechanisms. A single-case study strategy was used to conduct an in-depth analysis, focusing on pedestrian areas and limited traffic zones in the city center. In the modeling process, primary data and information were collected from interviews with relevant stakeholders and direct observations in different locations. Supporting data encompassed official documents, government websites, mass media, and social media. This study found that mobility violations occur daily in pedestrian areas and limited traffic zones. To address these violations through mitigation actions, municipal police officers need to proportionally increase the time allocated to patrolling and consistently reduce the discretion granted to violators. To optimize the achievement of intended outputs, the municipal police agency should increase the number of patrol officers and enhance the effective use of traffic cameras. Furthermore, preventive actions require the crucial support of relevant stakeholders to achieve the intended outcomes over time. Collaborative actions by local stakeholders regarding education for sustainable mobility may minimize violations. Also, relevant public and private organizations are expected to install and maintain adequate mobility facilities and infrastructure to pursue sustainable outcomes. Maximizing these actions simultaneously and sustainably may achieve a sustainable mobility culture and behavior as the final outcome.