The study of “other” cultures has often been characterized by what M. Mauss defines as “area markers” (Mauss, 1950). This analysis focuses on the socio-ethnographic study of public and private religiosity within and among the vicolo (alleyway) communities of Palermo. The case of the major “festival” and the smaller festinicchi unfolds along the city’s streets, which delineate public space and transform it into private space. The presence and specific construction of spontaneous devotional altars (altarini devozionali spontanei) within the alleys—set up for the recurring festivities in honor of Saint Rosalia—occur in streets and lanes, both outside and inside or in front of garages and private homes. The first distinction to be drawn concerns that form of celebration or “private religiosity” that originates from within the home: the presence of specific votive altars—dedicated to one or more saints—displayed through the open doors of houses along the alley, where doors remain open throughout the event. The second form, “public religiosity,” highlights the boundary—or, more precisely, the opposite—of what we identify as “private.” It differs from both “intimate religiosity” and “private religious feeling.” Here, carpets cover the asphalt of the alley, plants adorn doorways, and chairs are arranged in a circular pattern while leaving a passage for “others.” The alley thus becomes an extension of one’s living room. The street, once accessible to cars, is now closed to traffic—though without any formal prohibition or authorization: “That’s how it is, this is our home,” says G.M., one of the builders of the small altar. The investigation, conducted through a socio-ethnographic qualitative method, traces a process of territorial transformation through the actions of social actors who seek to create new forms of alleyway communities, following the dynamics of the globalized era—making events public in real time through streaming or live videos on Facebook. Moreover, family ties, their sense of territorial belonging, and cultural identity are clearly expressed through forms of interreligious dialogue embodied in the construction of votive altars. These are addressed not only to the residents of the alley but also to those of other faiths living on the opposite or adjacent side of the street leading to the alley itself. G.M. remarks: “Everything you see here is our work; no one helps us. They come just to look, but no one gives us any money.” The sense of vicolo community is no longer synonymous with belonging and social identity, but rather with appropriation and distinction—between “us” and “them.” Through the ritual transformation of space, the meaning of values built over time—u cuntu (the tale), u n’signamintu (the teaching)—remains part of the cultural heritage of the territory and of future generations, n’è picciuttieddri rri ccà (“of the children born here”). What stands out is the primacy of relationships over the individual, a social precedence that Leenhardt summarizes with the expression “one is a fraction of two” (Leenhardt, 1942). The opposition between a society founded on solidarity and one based on domination—degenerating into violence in a world where everyone pursues only their own interests—constitutes a “geographical dichotomy” within two of the four mandamenti analyzed through participant observation. As Clifford Geertz asserts, man often becomes entangled in the web of symbols he himself has created (Geertz, 1998). This distinctive feature has evolved over a decade (2008–2018), marked by a gradual loss of the spontaneity and non-economic spirit that once characterized the creation of these installations. Indeed, it has been observed that requests for external contributions—beyond those of the alley residents—have become increasingly frequent, even directed toward outside visitors.
Lo studio delle culture “altre” è stato spesso caratterizzato da quelli che M. Mauss chiama “marchi d’area” (Mauss, 1950). In analisi è posto lo studio socio-etnografico sulla “religiosità” pubblica e privata nelle e delle comunità di “vicolo” nel territorio di Palermo. Il caso della grande “festa” e dei “festinicchi” si snodano lungo le vie della città, che delimi- tano lo spazio pubblico e lo trasformano in privato. La presenza e la costruzione specifica degli “altarini devozionali spontanei” all’interno dei vi- coli – per le ricorrenti festività in onore di S. Rosalia, sono costruiti nei vicoli e nelle vie, fuori e dentro/ davanti i garage e nelle case private. La prima differenza da apporre è quella che s’impone come forma di festeggiamento o “reli- giosità privata” parte da dentro le case, la presenza di altari votivi specifici – dedicati ad un santo o a più santi – in mostra attraverso l’apertura dell’uscio delle case presenti, laddove le porte rimango- no aperte lungo il vicolo. La seconda “religiosità pubblica” evidenzia il “limite” o l’esatto contrario di ciò che identifi- chiamo come “privato”, diverso sia dalla “religiosità intima” e dal “senso religioso privato”: i tap- peti ricoprono l’asfalto del vicolo, le piante adornano l’uscio delle porte, le sedie sono disposte in forma circolare ma lasciano un passaggio “agli altri”. Il vicolo diviene il salotto di casa propria. La strada, che prima era carrabile, adesso è chiusa al transito, ma non c’è un divieto o un permesso specifico: “È così questa è casa nostra” mi dice G.M. uno dei costruttori dell’altarino. L’indagine condotta con metodo socio-etno-qualitativo traccia un percorso di mutamento ter- ritoriale attraverso la presenza di attori sociali che mirano ad attuare nuove forme di comunità di vi- colo seguendo i canoni dell’era della globalizzazione – rendere pubblico ciò che accade, sul mo- mento, attraverso lo streaming o il video in diretta su Facebook. Inoltre, i legami familiari, il loro senso di appartenenza territoriale – l’identitarietà culturale si manifestano in modo evidente attraverso forme di dialogo interreligioso che prendono forma nelle costruzioni degli altari votivi – rivolti non solo a tutti gli abitanti del vicolo, ma anche a coloro che professano un’altra religione e che abitano nella parte opposta/limitrofa della strada che conduce al vicolo stesso. G.M. mi dice: “qui tutto quello che vede è opera nostra, nessuno ci aiuta, vengono solo per guardare ma piccioli nessuno ne esce”. Il senso di comunità di vicolo non è più sinonimo di appartenenza e d’identitarietà sociale ma di appropriazione e di distinzione tra gli altri ed il loro. Attraverso la trasformazione rituale del territorio – il senso di quei valori che si costruiscono nel tempo “u cuntu" – “u n’signamintu” restano nell’eredità culturale del territorio stesso e delle generazioni future “n’è picciuttieddri rri ccà”. Ciò che colpisce è la prevalenza delle relazioni sull’individuo, un primato della società che Leenhardt sintetizza con l’espressione uno è frazione di due (Leenhardt, 1942). L’opposizione tra un’idea di società basata sulla solidarietà ed una società basata sul dominio che sfocia in violenza, in un mondo dove ognuno persegue solo i propri interessi, costituisce una “dicotomia geografica” all’interno di due dei quattro mandamenti posti in analisi attraverso l’osservazione partecipante. Come afferma Clifford Geertz, l’uomo rimane spesso impigliato nella rete di simboli da lui stesso creato (Geertz, 1998). Questa peculiarità si è trasformata in un decennio (2008-2018), in cui si è assistito ad una progressiva perdita di quella spontaneità e disinteresse economico-finanziario per la realizzazione delle installazioni: infatti, si è osservato come la richiesta di contributi esterni rispetto a quelli degli abitanti del vicolo, sia diventata sempre più frequente anche nei confronti dei visitatori esterni.
Salerno, R. (2018). RELIGIOSITÀ PUBBLICA E RELIGIOSITÀ PRIVATA NELLE COMUNITÀ DI VICOLO. TORINO : GIAPPICHELLI.
RELIGIOSITÀ PUBBLICA E RELIGIOSITÀ PRIVATA NELLE COMUNITÀ DI VICOLO
Salerno Rossana
2018-01-01
Abstract
The study of “other” cultures has often been characterized by what M. Mauss defines as “area markers” (Mauss, 1950). This analysis focuses on the socio-ethnographic study of public and private religiosity within and among the vicolo (alleyway) communities of Palermo. The case of the major “festival” and the smaller festinicchi unfolds along the city’s streets, which delineate public space and transform it into private space. The presence and specific construction of spontaneous devotional altars (altarini devozionali spontanei) within the alleys—set up for the recurring festivities in honor of Saint Rosalia—occur in streets and lanes, both outside and inside or in front of garages and private homes. The first distinction to be drawn concerns that form of celebration or “private religiosity” that originates from within the home: the presence of specific votive altars—dedicated to one or more saints—displayed through the open doors of houses along the alley, where doors remain open throughout the event. The second form, “public religiosity,” highlights the boundary—or, more precisely, the opposite—of what we identify as “private.” It differs from both “intimate religiosity” and “private religious feeling.” Here, carpets cover the asphalt of the alley, plants adorn doorways, and chairs are arranged in a circular pattern while leaving a passage for “others.” The alley thus becomes an extension of one’s living room. The street, once accessible to cars, is now closed to traffic—though without any formal prohibition or authorization: “That’s how it is, this is our home,” says G.M., one of the builders of the small altar. The investigation, conducted through a socio-ethnographic qualitative method, traces a process of territorial transformation through the actions of social actors who seek to create new forms of alleyway communities, following the dynamics of the globalized era—making events public in real time through streaming or live videos on Facebook. Moreover, family ties, their sense of territorial belonging, and cultural identity are clearly expressed through forms of interreligious dialogue embodied in the construction of votive altars. These are addressed not only to the residents of the alley but also to those of other faiths living on the opposite or adjacent side of the street leading to the alley itself. G.M. remarks: “Everything you see here is our work; no one helps us. They come just to look, but no one gives us any money.” The sense of vicolo community is no longer synonymous with belonging and social identity, but rather with appropriation and distinction—between “us” and “them.” Through the ritual transformation of space, the meaning of values built over time—u cuntu (the tale), u n’signamintu (the teaching)—remains part of the cultural heritage of the territory and of future generations, n’è picciuttieddri rri ccà (“of the children born here”). What stands out is the primacy of relationships over the individual, a social precedence that Leenhardt summarizes with the expression “one is a fraction of two” (Leenhardt, 1942). The opposition between a society founded on solidarity and one based on domination—degenerating into violence in a world where everyone pursues only their own interests—constitutes a “geographical dichotomy” within two of the four mandamenti analyzed through participant observation. As Clifford Geertz asserts, man often becomes entangled in the web of symbols he himself has created (Geertz, 1998). This distinctive feature has evolved over a decade (2008–2018), marked by a gradual loss of the spontaneity and non-economic spirit that once characterized the creation of these installations. Indeed, it has been observed that requests for external contributions—beyond those of the alley residents—have become increasingly frequent, even directed toward outside visitors.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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