HYBRID MATERIALS BASED ON BIOPOLYMERS AND NATURAL NANOFILLERS AS NEW TREATMENTS FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE

In recent decades, the widespread use of petroleum-based polymers has significantly improved human living standards, yet it has also introduced serious environmental and health challenges. In response, researchers have turned to biopolymers, materials derived from renewable sources like plants, animals, and microorganisms, as a promising alternative. Unlike synthetic polymers, biopolymers are biodegradable, non-toxic, and produce lower carbon emissions, making them a more sustainable solution. This research explores biopolymers, combined with nanomaterials, that offers sustainable solutions in the field of cultural heritage conservation. Biopolymers such as chitosan, pectin, and cellulose derivatives provide environmentally friendly options for cleaning, reinforcing, and protecting artifacts. Their gentle and effective properties make them ideal for preserving artwork. Nanomaterials, known for their exceptional mechanical, thermal, and optical properties, also play a critical role in enhancing conservation techniques. Materials like nanoclays and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are particularly effective in improving the performance of protective coatings and cleaning agents. The fusion of biopolymers and nanomaterials not only enhances the sustainability of cultural heritage conservation but also covers the way for more effective and eco-friendly treatments for a wide range of materials, from archaeological wood to human hair.