Triple-negative breast cancer and pancreatic adenocarcinoma are associated to very low survival-rates due to their high resistance to conventional treatments, posing significant public healthiness issue. The development of new targeted therapeutic options is then crucial. G-rich sequences in nucleic acids can form non-conventional secondary structures, known as G-quadruplexes, identified in telomeric sequences and in the promoters of potent oncogenes, such as cMYC, cKIT, and BCL2. These structures play a critical role in regulating gene expression, making them as promising therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. In this study, we employed a transdisciplinary approach, integrating chemical synthesis, molecular dynamic simulations, and cellular and molecular biology, to identify novel G-quadruplex binders and stabilizers aimed at controlling cancer progression. Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that symmetric planar metal complexes could specifically bind these structures. In that sense, we synthesized 12 new transition metal complexes of Zn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Pd2+ and Pt2+, from the Salphen scaffold. Their ability to selectively bind and stabilize G-quadruplexes over double-stranded DNA were confirmed. Molecular dynamic simulations revealed an unconventional binding mode involving interaction with the G-quadruplex loop. Immunofluorescence assays confirmed that the compounds enhance G-quadruplex formation, in cancer cell lines, leading to the early downregulation of several G-quadruplex-driven oncogenes, such as kRAS, RET, and cMYC. This downregulation reduced cancer cell proliferation and viability, with less effect on non-cancerous cells. Some complexes induced apoptosis in cancer cells without affecting the non-neoplastic cells, after decreased hRAS and cMYC transcript levels, while other compounds caused DNA damage in pancreatic cancer cells T3M4. Notably, Zn2+ compounds increased VEGF-A expression, enhancing its transcription. We also investigated the effects of G-quadruplex stabilization on macrophages polarization, showing that nickel compounds promoted the polarization of M0 macrophages towards the anticancer M1 phenotype, while inhibiting the acquisition of pro-tumoral M2 markers. Overall, our novel metal complexes demonstrate significant potential in stabilizing G-quadruplex and exhibit promising anticancer properties, including modulation of the tumor microenvironment. These preliminary results suggest avenues for further research, with potential implications for advancing strategies in cancer therapy.
Il carcinoma mammario triplo negativo e l’adenocarcinoma pancreatico sono associati a una sopravvivenza molto bassa a causa della loro alta resistenza ai trattamenti convenzionali, ponendo un significativo problema di salute pubblica, dunque lo sviluppo di nuove opzioni terapeutiche specifiche è cruciale. Le sequenze ricche di guanina negli acidi nucleici possono formare strutture secondarie non convenzionali, note come G-quadruplex, identificate nelle sequenze telomeriche e nei promotori di potenti oncogeni, come cMYC, cKIT e BCL2. Queste strutture svolgono un ruolo critico nella regolazione dell'espressione genica, rendendole promettenti bersagli terapeutici contra il cancro.Il nostro studio è consistito in un approccio transdisciplinare per identificare nuovi leganti e stabilizzatori di G-quadruplex con l'obiettivo di controllare la progressione del cancro. Precedenti lavori hanno dimostrato che complessi metallici planari simmetrici possono legarsi specificamente a queste strutture. In questo contesto, abbiamo sintetizzato 12 nuovi complessi metallici di Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Pd²⁺ e Pt²⁺, con leganti derivati dal Salfen. La loro capacità a legarsi selettivamente e stabilizzare i G-quadruplex rispetto al DNA a doppia elica è stata confermata. Simulazioni di dinamica molecolare hanno rivelato l’esistenza di un meccanismo di legame che coinvolge l'interazione con il loop del G-quadruplex.Abbiamo confermato che i composti favoriscono la formazione di G-quadruplex nelle linee cellulari cancerose, portando alla riduzione precoce dell’espressione di diversi oncogeni dipendenti dai G-quadruplex, come kRAS, RET e cMYC. Questa riduzione ha diminuito la proliferazione e la vitalità delle cellule tumorali, con un impatto minore sulle cellule non tumorali.Alcuni composti hanno indotto apoptosi nelle cellule tumorali senza influenzare le cellule non neoplastiche, dopo la riduzione dei livelli di trascrizione di hRAS e cMYC, mentre altri composti hanno causato danni al DNA nelle cellule di adenocarcinoma pancreatico T3M4. In particolare, i composti di Zn²⁺ hanno aumentato l’espressione di VEGF-A, potenziando la sua trascrizione. Abbiamo anche studiato gli effetti della stabilizzazione dei G-quadruplex sulla polarizzazione dei macrofagi, mostrando che i composti di Ni2+ promuovono la polarizzazione dei macrofagi M0 verso il fenotipo anticancro M1, inibendo l'acquisizione dei marcatori pro-tumorali M2.Complessivamente, i nostri nuovi complessi metallici hanno mostrato un potenziale significativo nella stabilizzazione dei G-quadruplex e promettenti proprietà antitumorali, incluso il potenziamento della modulazione del microambiente tumorale. Questi risultati preliminari suggeriscono nuove direzioni di ricerca, con potenziali implicazioni per lo sviluppo di strategie avanzate nella terapia oncologica.
(2024). G-QUADRUPLEX BINDING BY TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES : THE WHOLE PATHWAY FROM DESIGN TO SYNTHESIS TO IN CELLULO ANTICANCER INVESTIGATIONS.
G-QUADRUPLEX BINDING BY TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES : THE WHOLE PATHWAY FROM DESIGN TO SYNTHESIS TO IN CELLULO ANTICANCER INVESTIGATIONS
FROUX, Aurane
2024-12-13
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer and pancreatic adenocarcinoma are associated to very low survival-rates due to their high resistance to conventional treatments, posing significant public healthiness issue. The development of new targeted therapeutic options is then crucial. G-rich sequences in nucleic acids can form non-conventional secondary structures, known as G-quadruplexes, identified in telomeric sequences and in the promoters of potent oncogenes, such as cMYC, cKIT, and BCL2. These structures play a critical role in regulating gene expression, making them as promising therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. In this study, we employed a transdisciplinary approach, integrating chemical synthesis, molecular dynamic simulations, and cellular and molecular biology, to identify novel G-quadruplex binders and stabilizers aimed at controlling cancer progression. Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that symmetric planar metal complexes could specifically bind these structures. In that sense, we synthesized 12 new transition metal complexes of Zn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Pd2+ and Pt2+, from the Salphen scaffold. Their ability to selectively bind and stabilize G-quadruplexes over double-stranded DNA were confirmed. Molecular dynamic simulations revealed an unconventional binding mode involving interaction with the G-quadruplex loop. Immunofluorescence assays confirmed that the compounds enhance G-quadruplex formation, in cancer cell lines, leading to the early downregulation of several G-quadruplex-driven oncogenes, such as kRAS, RET, and cMYC. This downregulation reduced cancer cell proliferation and viability, with less effect on non-cancerous cells. Some complexes induced apoptosis in cancer cells without affecting the non-neoplastic cells, after decreased hRAS and cMYC transcript levels, while other compounds caused DNA damage in pancreatic cancer cells T3M4. Notably, Zn2+ compounds increased VEGF-A expression, enhancing its transcription. We also investigated the effects of G-quadruplex stabilization on macrophages polarization, showing that nickel compounds promoted the polarization of M0 macrophages towards the anticancer M1 phenotype, while inhibiting the acquisition of pro-tumoral M2 markers. Overall, our novel metal complexes demonstrate significant potential in stabilizing G-quadruplex and exhibit promising anticancer properties, including modulation of the tumor microenvironment. These preliminary results suggest avenues for further research, with potential implications for advancing strategies in cancer therapy.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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