The paper analyzes the relationship between the reforms advocated by the Governments led by Francesco Crispi (four, between 1887 and 1891 and between 1894 and 1896) and their architect, with an overview of the complex process of modernization of Italy that faced the "short century" with an archaic administrative organization. Starting from the juridical formation of the Sicilian statesman, the youth writings, the professional activity, the Risorgimento and constitutional culture that shaped his personality and then the revolutionary and parliamentary activity, the study explores the variegated context in which it broke that "reforming impetus of the administration". The Crispine reforms change the structure of the ministerial organization and that of the local authorities, extend the public functions, in particular in the social and health sector, introduce judicial protection against the administration, they go so far as to envisage, but these will remain legislative proposals that will see the light with the advent of the Republic, a reorganization of the territorial organization in a regional perspective and a reform of the agrarian system. A multifaceted and contradictory figure, that of Crispi, decidedly oriented to the modernization and efficiency of the liberal State, expression of the synergistic relationship between legal culture andadministrative, experience and political commitment and between the latter and government activity. Rather than a "second unification", as if it had only been a matter of completing the process of transfusion of the Savoy order into that of the unitary state begun in 1865, the Crispine reforms constitute, instead, the first and most profound intervention of structural change of the liberal state implemented with a strategic vision and, albeit partially, in a short time. . The re-emergence of a profitable season for "system" reforms (starting from those included in the PNRR, to those connected with the c.d. "regionalism differentiated", up to the one on the form of government, around which a close debate has opened)If it is to restore competitiveness to our Republic, it must nevertheless lead us to turn our gaze to what is In the past, we have taken on more useful experiences and ideas to face the challenges, the tensions, the counterforces that the transformations of democracy impose.

Il contributo analizza il rapporto tra le riforme propugnate dai Governi guidati da Francesco Crispi (ben quattro, tra il 1887 ed il 1891 e tra il 1894 ed 1896) ed il loro artefice, con uno sguardo d’insieme sul complesso processo di modernizzazione dell’Italia che si affacciava al “secolo breve” con un’organizzazione amministrativa arcaica. Partendo dalla formazione giuridica dello statista siciliano, dagli scritti giovanili, dall’attività professionale, dalla cultura risorgimentale e costituzionale che ne forgiarono la personalità e poi dall’attività rivoluzionaria e parlamentare, lo studio perlustra il variegato contesto nel quale proruppe quell’“impeto riformatore dell’amministrazione”. Le riforme crispine mutano strutturalmente l’organizzazione ministeriale e quella degli enti locali, ampliano le funzioni pubbliche, in particolare nel settore sociale e sanitario, introducono la tutela giurisdizionale nei confronti dell’amministrazione, si spingono sino a prospettare, ma queste resteranno proposte legislative che vedranno la luce con l’avvento della Repubblica, un riassetto dell’organizzazione territoriale in prospettiva regionale ed una riforma del sistema agrario. Una figura poliedrica e contraddittoria, quella di Crispi, decisamente orientata alla modernizzazione ed all’efficienza dello Stato liberale, espressione del rapporto sinergico tra cultura giuridico-amministrativa, esperienza ed impegno politico e tra questi ultimi e l’attività di governo. Piuttosto che una “seconda unificazione”, come se si fosse soltanto trattato di completare il processo di trasfusione dell’ordinamento sabaudo in quello dello Stato unitario avviato nel 1865, le riforme crispine costituiscono, invece, il primo e più profondo intervento di modifica strutturale dello Stato liberale attuato con una visione strategica e, seppur parzialmente, in breve tempo. La riemersione di una stagione proficua per riforme “di sistema” (a partire da quelle inserite nel PNRR, a quelle connesse al c.d. “regionalismo differenziato”, sino a quella sulla forma di governo, intorno ai quali si è aperto un serrato dibattito), se ne evidenzia l’ineludibilità per restituire competitività alla nostra Repubblica, deve indurre tuttavia a volgere lo sguardo anche a quel che è accaduto in passato, cogliendo esperienze e spunti più proficui per affrontare le sfide, le tensioni, le controspinte che le trasformazioni della democrazia impongono.

GAETANO ARMAO (2023). Francesco Crispi e le riforme amministrative. Il primo intervento di riforma strutturale dello Stato unitario.

Francesco Crispi e le riforme amministrative. Il primo intervento di riforma strutturale dello Stato unitario

GAETANO ARMAO
2023-07-04

Abstract

The paper analyzes the relationship between the reforms advocated by the Governments led by Francesco Crispi (four, between 1887 and 1891 and between 1894 and 1896) and their architect, with an overview of the complex process of modernization of Italy that faced the "short century" with an archaic administrative organization. Starting from the juridical formation of the Sicilian statesman, the youth writings, the professional activity, the Risorgimento and constitutional culture that shaped his personality and then the revolutionary and parliamentary activity, the study explores the variegated context in which it broke that "reforming impetus of the administration". The Crispine reforms change the structure of the ministerial organization and that of the local authorities, extend the public functions, in particular in the social and health sector, introduce judicial protection against the administration, they go so far as to envisage, but these will remain legislative proposals that will see the light with the advent of the Republic, a reorganization of the territorial organization in a regional perspective and a reform of the agrarian system. A multifaceted and contradictory figure, that of Crispi, decidedly oriented to the modernization and efficiency of the liberal State, expression of the synergistic relationship between legal culture andadministrative, experience and political commitment and between the latter and government activity. Rather than a "second unification", as if it had only been a matter of completing the process of transfusion of the Savoy order into that of the unitary state begun in 1865, the Crispine reforms constitute, instead, the first and most profound intervention of structural change of the liberal state implemented with a strategic vision and, albeit partially, in a short time. . The re-emergence of a profitable season for "system" reforms (starting from those included in the PNRR, to those connected with the c.d. "regionalism differentiated", up to the one on the form of government, around which a close debate has opened)If it is to restore competitiveness to our Republic, it must nevertheless lead us to turn our gaze to what is In the past, we have taken on more useful experiences and ideas to face the challenges, the tensions, the counterforces that the transformations of democracy impose.
4-lug-2023
978-88-5509-549-5
GAETANO ARMAO (2023). Francesco Crispi e le riforme amministrative. Il primo intervento di riforma strutturale dello Stato unitario.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10447/604093
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