Reforestation and degraded tree plantation recovery as fundamental tools for land and slope safeguard The wide spread of natural disasters - landslides, ground instability, floods and so on - that in the last period injured our country, if on one side are obviously linked with the country's morphology, geology and soils characters, on the other side they are doubtless tied up to the lack of a planned land use management, and, briefly, to the lack of a real long term forest policy in Italy. Moreover, in the last century, the social fabric changes and the rural marginal areas abandonment would it make necessary a strong overall land policy in order to effectively safeguard the mountain and hilly territories. With respect to forestry, in order to cope the frequent land disasters often originated by improper land uses, in the last century there were adopted several nationwide reforestation programs that resulted in broad plantation campaigns. Those reforestation works were hereafter criticized for the planting techniques and the tree species adopted, but doubtless they changed and shaped many landscapes and essentially contributed to maintain the soil stability in many regions of Italy. Although the reforestation activity is nowadays almost passed away for the high cost of interventions, yet the water geological disorder and the desertification risks would make it compulsory an upswing of forest coverage enhancement by reforestation activities in several sensitive territories. This paper briefly analyzes the last century reforestation activities, underlines the necessity of focused actions and proposes some addresses to carry on the land and slopes safeguard interventions, based on new concepts of tree species use and realization techniques. These activities would be carried on considering the availability of recently abandoned estates, to cope the degradation of slopes. Another urgency to deal with is due to the abandonment of reforested lands. The majority of the forest trees plantations made in the last century have been left to their destiny without any cultivation after planting. No thinning were made in almost any case, leaving the wood to an high density growth. The current structure of those plantation is often too dense and unbalanced with regards to both stability and ecological efficiency. Such a situation, widespread all over the country, frequently drive to local disasters, as crashes, tree death, downfalls, wildfires and so on, with consequent failure of soil protection capabilities of woods, landscape value deterioration, loss of wood material. This all is due to the lack of long term forest policy at the national level. Consequently it is compulsory to develop a planned action in order to foster the renaturalisation of old plantation, carried out with specific programs and funding. Those intervention are generally attributed to be costly and without financial benefits. On the other side we must consider the whole economic convenience of landscape recovery, the slope safeguard and, last but not least, the growing interest on biomasses use no less than the opportunity of technological valorization of small log by wood industries.

I fenomeni di dissesto del territorio che in questi ultimi anni sembrano acutizzarsi e recare ferite profonde in tutto il Paese, se da un lato sono quasi endemici data la morfologia e la natura dei terreni, certamente dall'altro sono frutto della mancanza di gestione pianificata e programmatica dell'uso del territorio. Ad esse si unisce il profondo mutamento del tessuto sociale e il conseguente abbandono di molte aree agricole e forestali divenute marginali all'attività economica, cui non ha fatto fronte una politica di salvaguardia del territorio efficace e duratura. Ai problemi di stabilità del territorio montano e collinare, spesso originati da inadeguate attività umane, si è fatto fronte in più riprese, nel secolo scorso, con estese campagne di rimboschimento che hanno interessato la maggioranza delle regioni italiane. Questi rimboschimenti, oggi spesso criticati per la scelta di specie e le tecniche usate nelle realizzazioni, hanno tuttavia contribuito sostanzialmente alla salvaguardia di importanti porzioni di territorio. Benché attualmente l'attività di rimboschimento sia notevolmente ridotta e spesso completamente assente per il costo divenuto proibitivo, pure i gravi problemi di dissesto e la minaccia di desertificazione che grava su molte regioni renderebbero necessaria la ripresa mirata dell'estensione della copertura forestale in determinati ambiti sensibili, con interventi artificiali, sia pure basati su canoni aggiornati di uso delle specie e delle tecniche d'impianto. In questo contributo si analizza brevemente l'attività del secolo scorso e si prospettano alcuni indirizzi per la prosecuzione dell'opera di salvaguardia dei versanti, con canoni adeguati all'attualità, anche considerando l'attuale disponibilità di ampi spazi rurali a seguito del progressivo, recente abbandono di terreni agrari, fenomeno importante in alcune regioni mediterranee. Inoltre, considerato che molti e ampi territori rimboschiti nel secolo scorso, pur avendo profondamente caratterizzato i paesaggi rurali e protetto una parte cospicua del territorio, sono stati in seguito abbandonati alla libera evoluzione, privi della minima colturalità, si delinea un quadro di interventi necessari a fronteggiare i frequenti fenomeni di degrado dovuti all'eccessiva densità e la mancanza di gestione, anch'essa frutto della mancanza di una visione politica forestale a lungo termine. E dunque si rende fondamentale eseguire interventi volti a favorire la rinaturalizzazione delle coperture artificiali, per la stabilità di questi soprassuoli. Da queste considerazioni si comprende la necessità di individuare strumenti programmatori efficaci per supportare tali interventi, in genere non remunerativi anche se essenziali. Si tratta di lavori che peraltro possono ritrovare una validità anche economica, legata alla ricerca di nuove fonti di materia prima e grazie anche allo sviluppo di tecnologie industriali in grado di valorizzare materiale legnoso di limitate dimensioni.

Maetzke F G (2015). Rimboschimento e recupero di soprassuoli forestali artificiali degradati: due aspetti fondamentali per la salvaguardia del territorio montano - Reforestation and degraded tree plantation recovery as fundamental tools for land and slope safeguard. In PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF SILVICULTURE Florence, November 26th - 29th 2014 (pp.361-365). Firenze : Accademia Italiana di Scienze Forestali [http://dx.doi.org/10.4129/2cis-fgm-rim].

Rimboschimento e recupero di soprassuoli forestali artificiali degradati: due aspetti fondamentali per la salvaguardia del territorio montano - Reforestation and degraded tree plantation recovery as fundamental tools for land and slope safeguard

MAETZKE, Federico Guglielmo
2015-01-01

Abstract

Reforestation and degraded tree plantation recovery as fundamental tools for land and slope safeguard The wide spread of natural disasters - landslides, ground instability, floods and so on - that in the last period injured our country, if on one side are obviously linked with the country's morphology, geology and soils characters, on the other side they are doubtless tied up to the lack of a planned land use management, and, briefly, to the lack of a real long term forest policy in Italy. Moreover, in the last century, the social fabric changes and the rural marginal areas abandonment would it make necessary a strong overall land policy in order to effectively safeguard the mountain and hilly territories. With respect to forestry, in order to cope the frequent land disasters often originated by improper land uses, in the last century there were adopted several nationwide reforestation programs that resulted in broad plantation campaigns. Those reforestation works were hereafter criticized for the planting techniques and the tree species adopted, but doubtless they changed and shaped many landscapes and essentially contributed to maintain the soil stability in many regions of Italy. Although the reforestation activity is nowadays almost passed away for the high cost of interventions, yet the water geological disorder and the desertification risks would make it compulsory an upswing of forest coverage enhancement by reforestation activities in several sensitive territories. This paper briefly analyzes the last century reforestation activities, underlines the necessity of focused actions and proposes some addresses to carry on the land and slopes safeguard interventions, based on new concepts of tree species use and realization techniques. These activities would be carried on considering the availability of recently abandoned estates, to cope the degradation of slopes. Another urgency to deal with is due to the abandonment of reforested lands. The majority of the forest trees plantations made in the last century have been left to their destiny without any cultivation after planting. No thinning were made in almost any case, leaving the wood to an high density growth. The current structure of those plantation is often too dense and unbalanced with regards to both stability and ecological efficiency. Such a situation, widespread all over the country, frequently drive to local disasters, as crashes, tree death, downfalls, wildfires and so on, with consequent failure of soil protection capabilities of woods, landscape value deterioration, loss of wood material. This all is due to the lack of long term forest policy at the national level. Consequently it is compulsory to develop a planned action in order to foster the renaturalisation of old plantation, carried out with specific programs and funding. Those intervention are generally attributed to be costly and without financial benefits. On the other side we must consider the whole economic convenience of landscape recovery, the slope safeguard and, last but not least, the growing interest on biomasses use no less than the opportunity of technological valorization of small log by wood industries.
Settore AGR/05 - Assestamento Forestale E Selvicoltura
26-nov-2014
secondo congresso internazionale di selvicoltura
Firenze
29-29 novembre 2014
2
set-2014
2015
5
A stampa
http://aisf.it/libri/testi-in-formato-pdf/
Maetzke F G (2015). Rimboschimento e recupero di soprassuoli forestali artificiali degradati: due aspetti fondamentali per la salvaguardia del territorio montano - Reforestation and degraded tree plantation recovery as fundamental tools for land and slope safeguard. In PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF SILVICULTURE Florence, November 26th - 29th 2014 (pp.361-365). Firenze : Accademia Italiana di Scienze Forestali [http://dx.doi.org/10.4129/2cis-fgm-rim].
Proceedings (atti dei congressi)
Maetzke F G
File in questo prodotto:
File Dimensione Formato  
Maetzke_pdf.pdf

accesso aperto

Descrizione: articolo principale
Dimensione 159.84 kB
Formato Adobe PDF
159.84 kB Adobe PDF Visualizza/Apri

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10447/165530
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus ND
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? ND
social impact