House Housing is an exhibition installed by the Temple Hoyne Buell Center for the Study of American Architecture in the third-floor apart- ment of Columbia University’s Casa Muraro in June 2014, to coincide with the opening of the 14th International Architecture Exhibition in Venice. Assembled by a team of researchers at Columbia and staged as an open house, it represents the beginning of a long-term project that centers on the critical analysis of architecture’s engagement with real estate development, particularly in the design of housing. The exhibi- tion responds unsolicited to Biennale curator Rem Koolhaas’s theme of “Fundamentals,” which includes what Koolhaas calls the “fundamen- tals of our buildings, used by any architect, anywhere, anytime.”1 House Housing replies with a multimedia sample of economic fun- damentals that show modernity’s basic facts under construction—by governments, industries, institutions, and cultures—beginning in the early twentieth century. Its nineteen brief, historical episodes, running from 1910 to 2014, locate housing at the center of the current economic regime, with the United States as an influential node in a transnation- al network. In architecture, economic fundamentals begin from the ground up. The laws of real estate, relating to the acquisition of land, the financing of construction, the cost of building maintenance and ser- vices, profit from rent or resale, the value of equity, or the price of credit, inexorably constrain any building component (like a window) or any building type (like a house). They are visible even in the residential work of such singular figures as Frank Lloyd Wright, not least because the Greek oikos, or household, forms the root of the word “economy” itself. But look closely and you will see that what seems fundamental, basic, or natural is, like any other law, a historical artifact subject to change. House Housing narrates its episodes in a mixture of domestic media that range across the century, from phonograph to television, answering machine to iPad, thereby converting the apartment into a whispering, humming history machine. Though they mainly focus on the continen- tal United States, the discrete episodes are excerpts from transnational processes. As such, they address matters of universal concern, even in non-market situations. Their objects range from houses designed by fig- ures as well-known as Wright, to a seemingly ordinary gated community in Florida. Their untimeliness is twofold. First, these episodes return us to financial matters widely discussed in the immediate aftermath of the 2008 foreclosure crisis but now largely abandoned, by mainstream discourse, in favor of greener pastures. Second, the historical episodes, which are assembled non-chronologically, disclose surprising repeti- tions—of themes, tendencies, and actions. This reminds us that the eco- nomic infrastructures on which architecture rests are the outcome of such repetitions, rather than an a priori, natural ground. House Housing is about those infrastructures, where “infrastruc- ture” is defined as that which repeats. Every time we turn on the faucet, the water system repeats. Every time a house is bought or sold, the real estate system repeats. But every transaction also reconfirms and rebuilds that system, which in turn builds houses, which, in turn, cannot be built without architectural techniques that shape them, and stories that establish their value. In this way, the laws of real estate and the laws of architecture are constituted and reconstituted together, as effortlessly as flowing water. House Housing sets out to show how such laws are written, as sto- ries that form dominant cultural imaginaries. The “American Dream,” closely connected to American economic power and to global housing markets, is one such story. Others running silently in the background of the exhibition include the European doctrine that transnational debt be met with national austerity, and the ambiguous slogan “capitalism with Chinese characteristics.” All of these stories and many like them repeat through the channels of the house and of its equally troubled companion, housing. They do so discreetly, in focus groups, home décor, congres- sional hearings, press commentary, garages, fireside chats, residence permits, zoning laws, and investment portfolios. Each repetition recon- stitutes the law of the household—the nomos of “economy”—while also suggesting the possibility that next time, things could be different.

House Housing è il titolo della mostra allestita dal Temple Hoyne Buell Center for the Study of American Architecture al secondo piano di Casa Muraro, nei locali di proprietà della Columbia University, durante il mese di giugno 2014, e che coinciderà con l’apertura della Quattordi- cesima Mostra Internazionale di Architettura di Venezia. Realizza- ta da un gruppo di ricercatori della Columbia, la mostra è allestita in forma di open house e presenta gli inizi di un progetto di lunga durata incentrato sull’analisi critica del coinvolgimento dell’architettura con il mercato immobiliare, in special modo nel campo della progettazione residenziale. La mostra è una risposta—seppur non sollecitata—al tema “Fundamentals,” proposto dal curatore della Biennale, Rem Koolhaas, che definisce “gli elementi fondamentali dell’architettura impiegati da ogni architetto, ovunque e in qualsiasi momento.”1 House Housing risponde a tale tema con una campionatura mul- timediale di “fondamentali” economici che mostrano i fatti basilari della modernità in costruzione—dai governi, industrie, istituzioni e culture—a partire dall’inizio del Novecento. Diciannove brevi episodi storici sviluppati dall’esibizione collocano, dal 1910 al 2014, il settore dell’abitazione al centro del regime economico corrente, con gli Stati Uniti d’America quale nodo di influenza in una rete transnazionale. In architettura i fondamenti economici iniziano dal suolo. Le leggi del mer- cato immobiliare, relative all’acquisizione di terreni, al finanziamento della costruzione, al costo del mantenimento degli edifici e servizi, al profitto da affitto o rivendita, al valore di proprietà ipotecaria, al prezzo del credito, determinano inesorabilmente i limiti di qualsivoglia compo- nente edilizio (come, ad esempio, una finestra) o tipo edilizio (come, ad esempio, una casa). Tali leggi sono visibili addirittura nei progetti resi- denziali di figure emblematiche come Frank Lloyd Wright, non ultimo perché la parola greca oikos, casa, è alla base stessa della parola “econo- mia.” Ma guardando più da vicino questo fenomeno ci si rende conto che ciò che ci viene proposto come fondamentale, basilare, o naturale, è, come qualsiasi altra legge, un artefatto storico soggetto a cambiamento. House Housing narra i suoi episodi per mezzo di un misto di media domestici che si estendono lungo tutto il secolo, dalla radio alla tele- visione al computer, in modo da convertire l’appartamento in un sussurro, una mormorante macchina della storia. Sebbene si concentri- no soprattutto sul territorio continentale degli Stati Uniti, questi episodi incrociano processi transnazionali. Come tali affrontano questioni d’in- teresse universale, perfino in situazioni estranee al mercato. Gli oggetti di studio vanno da case progettate da figure conosciute come Wright a comunità residenziali chiuse, apparentemente ordinarie, in Florida. La loro inattualità è duplice. In primo luogo, tali episodi ci rimandano ai problemi finanziari largamente discussi nell’immediato indomani della crisi di pignoramenti del 2008, oggi in parte abbandonati dal discorso dominante che crede in pascoli più verdi. In secondo luogo, gli episodi storici, che vengono qui assemblati in modo non cronologico, rivelano sorprendenti ripetizioni—di temi, tendenze e azioni—che ci ricordano di come le infrastrutture economiche sulle quali si basa l’architettu- ra sono l’esito di tali ripetizioni e non un loro terreno naturale, dato a priori. House Housing è una mostra su queste infrastrutture, ove “infra- struttura” è definita come ciò che ripete. Ogni volta che apriamo il rubinetto, il sistema idraulico si ripete. Ogni volta che una casa viene2 acquistata o venduta, il sistema immobiliare si ripete. Ogni transazi- one riconferma e ricostruisce questo sistema. Sistema che porta a costruire più case, che, a loro volta, non possono essere costruite senza tecniche architettoniche che ne determinano la forma, e narrative che ne stabiliscono il valore. In tal modo, le leggi del mercato immobiliare e dell’architettura si costituiscono e ricostituiscono assieme, con la fluidi- tà dell’acqua che scorre. House Housing intende mostrare come tali leggi siano scritte come storie che formano immaginari culturali dominanti. L’“American Dream”, intimamente connesso con la potenza economica americana e i mercati immobiliari globali, è una di queste storie. Altre che scorrono silenziosamente sullo sfondo della mostra includono la dottrina europea secondo la quale il debito transnazionale debba essere affrontato con le politiche di austerità a livello nazionale, oppure l’ambiguo slogan “capi- talismo con caratteristiche cinesi”. Tutte queste storie, e molte altre, si ripetono attraverso il canale della casa [house] e della sua altrettanto problematica compagna, l’abitazione collettiva [housing]. Lo fanno con discrezione, in gruppi di discussione, decorazioni d’interni, udienze congressuali, rassegne stampe, autorimesse, chiacchierate attorno al camino, permessi di costruire, leggi urbanistiche e portafogli d’in- vestimento. Ogni ripetizione di questo processo ricostituisce la legge domestica—il nomos “dell’economia”—ogni volta con l’illusione che, alla prossima, le cose andranno diversamente.

Carboni Maestri, G. (2014). House Housing. An untimely history of architecture and real estate In nineteen episodes Housing / Una storia inattuale dell’architettura e dei beni immobiliari in diciannove episodi [Mostra].

House Housing. An untimely history of architecture and real estate In nineteen episodes Housing / Una storia inattuale dell’architettura e dei beni immobiliari in diciannove episodi

CARBONI MAESTRI, Gregorio
2014-01-01

Abstract

House Housing is an exhibition installed by the Temple Hoyne Buell Center for the Study of American Architecture in the third-floor apart- ment of Columbia University’s Casa Muraro in June 2014, to coincide with the opening of the 14th International Architecture Exhibition in Venice. Assembled by a team of researchers at Columbia and staged as an open house, it represents the beginning of a long-term project that centers on the critical analysis of architecture’s engagement with real estate development, particularly in the design of housing. The exhibi- tion responds unsolicited to Biennale curator Rem Koolhaas’s theme of “Fundamentals,” which includes what Koolhaas calls the “fundamen- tals of our buildings, used by any architect, anywhere, anytime.”1 House Housing replies with a multimedia sample of economic fun- damentals that show modernity’s basic facts under construction—by governments, industries, institutions, and cultures—beginning in the early twentieth century. Its nineteen brief, historical episodes, running from 1910 to 2014, locate housing at the center of the current economic regime, with the United States as an influential node in a transnation- al network. In architecture, economic fundamentals begin from the ground up. The laws of real estate, relating to the acquisition of land, the financing of construction, the cost of building maintenance and ser- vices, profit from rent or resale, the value of equity, or the price of credit, inexorably constrain any building component (like a window) or any building type (like a house). They are visible even in the residential work of such singular figures as Frank Lloyd Wright, not least because the Greek oikos, or household, forms the root of the word “economy” itself. But look closely and you will see that what seems fundamental, basic, or natural is, like any other law, a historical artifact subject to change. House Housing narrates its episodes in a mixture of domestic media that range across the century, from phonograph to television, answering machine to iPad, thereby converting the apartment into a whispering, humming history machine. Though they mainly focus on the continen- tal United States, the discrete episodes are excerpts from transnational processes. As such, they address matters of universal concern, even in non-market situations. Their objects range from houses designed by fig- ures as well-known as Wright, to a seemingly ordinary gated community in Florida. Their untimeliness is twofold. First, these episodes return us to financial matters widely discussed in the immediate aftermath of the 2008 foreclosure crisis but now largely abandoned, by mainstream discourse, in favor of greener pastures. Second, the historical episodes, which are assembled non-chronologically, disclose surprising repeti- tions—of themes, tendencies, and actions. This reminds us that the eco- nomic infrastructures on which architecture rests are the outcome of such repetitions, rather than an a priori, natural ground. House Housing is about those infrastructures, where “infrastruc- ture” is defined as that which repeats. Every time we turn on the faucet, the water system repeats. Every time a house is bought or sold, the real estate system repeats. But every transaction also reconfirms and rebuilds that system, which in turn builds houses, which, in turn, cannot be built without architectural techniques that shape them, and stories that establish their value. In this way, the laws of real estate and the laws of architecture are constituted and reconstituted together, as effortlessly as flowing water. House Housing sets out to show how such laws are written, as sto- ries that form dominant cultural imaginaries. The “American Dream,” closely connected to American economic power and to global housing markets, is one such story. Others running silently in the background of the exhibition include the European doctrine that transnational debt be met with national austerity, and the ambiguous slogan “capitalism with Chinese characteristics.” All of these stories and many like them repeat through the channels of the house and of its equally troubled companion, housing. They do so discreetly, in focus groups, home décor, congres- sional hearings, press commentary, garages, fireside chats, residence permits, zoning laws, and investment portfolios. Each repetition recon- stitutes the law of the household—the nomos of “economy”—while also suggesting the possibility that next time, things could be different.
2014
Panfleto della mostra "House Housing" realizzato dalla Columbia University nel quadro della Biennale d'Architettura di Venezia
Carboni Maestri, G. (2014). House Housing. An untimely history of architecture and real estate In nineteen episodes Housing / Una storia inattuale dell’architettura e dei beni immobiliari in diciannove episodi [Mostra].
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