The rural built environment, as a multiscale whole of human transformations aimed at accommodating agriculture-related activities, prompts various reflections on the bioclimatic approach in architectural design. This contribution, firstly, highlights the theme of the urban-rural continuum (an intermediate and contradictory place, which epitomizes on-going contemporary transformations) in order to demonstrate that the contrast between urban and rural – although it has been used, since ancient times, on both analytical and design level – has not only been superseded, but is also, theoretically, inadequate for identifying the rural built environment. The link between agricultural and construction activities confirms the overcoming of this contrast; a reading in technological terms is proposed, with reference to the spheres of the product and the process, whilst recollecting its remote and deeply rooted cultural origins. The possible dual and contradictory character (vernacular or scholarly) of the rural built environment is illustrated with reference to the specificity of the bioclimatic aspects recognized in traditional buildings (“ante litteram sustainability”), highlighting how the relationship with the site-factor (microclimatic characteristics and local construction culture) was annulled in the 20th century, also creating the basis for a widespread emergency for the quality of the buildings employed in agricultural activities. Touching upon the question of whether the rural building can be a typology distinct from other production buildings, this paper highlights the importance of the relationships with the socio-economic aspects of the agricultural sector, underlining the fact that the main identity for rural buildings in every age, in addition to the role that they play in the landscape, should be a stronger bond with the environmental elements, showing the centrality of the bioclimatic approach in updating the primordial interactions between agriculture and construction. Furthermore, the distinction between vernacular or scholarly character of the rural buildings prompted a reflection on the contemporary epistemological bases of the bioclimatic approach to general architectural design, which risks being ineffective whether it remains on an empirical level or if it is confined to a hyper-specialized niche. Finally, the bioclimatic approach is indicated as a common analytical and design methodological basis, useful for addressing the contradictory nature of the urban-rural continuum, in the framework of contemporary challenges.

L’ambiente costruito rurale, insieme multiscalare di trasformazioni praticate dall’uomo per accogliere le attività collegate all’agricoltura, suggerisce varie riflessioni sull’approccio bioclimatico nel progetto di architettura. Il contributo mette subito in evidenza il tema del continuum urbano-rurale (luogo intermedio e contraddittorio che condensa le trasformazioni che stanno avvenendo nella contemporaneità, offrendo un banco di prova necessario per tutti i campi del sapere e per tutte le discipline tecnologiche) per evidenziare che la contrapposizione tra urbano e rurale non solo è superata nei fatti, ma anche è teoricamente inadeguata a identificare l’ambiente costruito rurale, nonostante sia stata utilizzata sin da antico, sui livelli sia analitico che progettuale. Il superamento di tale contrapposizione viene confermato dal legame tra attività agricole e costruttive, di cui viene proposta una lettura in chiave tecnologica, con riferimento alle sfere del prodotto e del processo, dopo averne ricordato le origini culturali remote e profondamente radicate. Il possibile duplice e contraddittorio carattere dell’ambiente costruito rurale, vernacolare o colto, viene illustrato con riferimento alla specificità degli aspetti bioclimatici riconosciuti negli edifici tradizionali (sostenibilità ante litteram), evidenziando come nel XX secolo si sia cancellato il legame con il fattore sito e con la tradizionale cultura costruttiva, creando le premesse per una ingente e diffusa emergenza qualitativa anche per le costruzioni che ospitano attività produttive primarie. Accennando all’interrogativo se oggi abbia senso una precisa tipologia di edificio produttivo rurale e evidenziando l’importanza delle interrelazioni con gli aspetti socioeconomici del settore produttivo dell’agricoltura, il contributo sottolinea che il costruito rurale nel suo insieme contribuisce all’identità ibrida del paesaggio contemporaneo e conclude dimostrando che proprio l’approccio bioclimatico possa svolgere un ruolo di collante, sia teoretico che operativo, perché contribuisce a creare una comune metodologia, adeguata ad affrontare le sfide contemporanee. superando una certa tendenza alla improvvisazione e eccessivi specialismi e facendo leva su opportune azioni di formazione e divulgazione.

GERMANA', M.L. (2021). The Urban-Rural Continuum. The Bioclimatic Approach to Design, Between Past and Future. In G. Chiesa (a cura di), Bioclimatic Approaches in Urban and Building Design (pp. 153-175). Cham : Springer [10.1007/978-3-030-59328-5_7].

The Urban-Rural Continuum. The Bioclimatic Approach to Design, Between Past and Future

GERMANA', Maria Luisa
2021-01-01

Abstract

The rural built environment, as a multiscale whole of human transformations aimed at accommodating agriculture-related activities, prompts various reflections on the bioclimatic approach in architectural design. This contribution, firstly, highlights the theme of the urban-rural continuum (an intermediate and contradictory place, which epitomizes on-going contemporary transformations) in order to demonstrate that the contrast between urban and rural – although it has been used, since ancient times, on both analytical and design level – has not only been superseded, but is also, theoretically, inadequate for identifying the rural built environment. The link between agricultural and construction activities confirms the overcoming of this contrast; a reading in technological terms is proposed, with reference to the spheres of the product and the process, whilst recollecting its remote and deeply rooted cultural origins. The possible dual and contradictory character (vernacular or scholarly) of the rural built environment is illustrated with reference to the specificity of the bioclimatic aspects recognized in traditional buildings (“ante litteram sustainability”), highlighting how the relationship with the site-factor (microclimatic characteristics and local construction culture) was annulled in the 20th century, also creating the basis for a widespread emergency for the quality of the buildings employed in agricultural activities. Touching upon the question of whether the rural building can be a typology distinct from other production buildings, this paper highlights the importance of the relationships with the socio-economic aspects of the agricultural sector, underlining the fact that the main identity for rural buildings in every age, in addition to the role that they play in the landscape, should be a stronger bond with the environmental elements, showing the centrality of the bioclimatic approach in updating the primordial interactions between agriculture and construction. Furthermore, the distinction between vernacular or scholarly character of the rural buildings prompted a reflection on the contemporary epistemological bases of the bioclimatic approach to general architectural design, which risks being ineffective whether it remains on an empirical level or if it is confined to a hyper-specialized niche. Finally, the bioclimatic approach is indicated as a common analytical and design methodological basis, useful for addressing the contradictory nature of the urban-rural continuum, in the framework of contemporary challenges.
2021
Settore ICAR/12 - Tecnologia Dell'Architettura
GERMANA', M.L. (2021). The Urban-Rural Continuum. The Bioclimatic Approach to Design, Between Past and Future. In G. Chiesa (a cura di), Bioclimatic Approaches in Urban and Building Design (pp. 153-175). Cham : Springer [10.1007/978-3-030-59328-5_7].
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10447/476313
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