THE EARTHQUAKE AND RECONSTRUCTION: MESSINA 1908, TOWARDS "CONSCIOUS" DESIGN. THE THEORY OF THE INCREASED RESISTANCE OF CIRCULAR STRUCTURES AND THE CONTRIBUTION OF PUBLICATIONS IN THE DEBATE ON EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION The stories told in this book provide an overview of research into earthquake-resistant design from two perspectives as it developed as part of the debate in Messina after the earthquake of 1908. Whilst there is ample evidence of "conscious" forms of design, that is, of solutions that take into account the problem of earthquakes in centuries-old building practices in the period preceding the many reconstructions in Sicily in the early modern period, the debate that ensued after 1908 also had to confront with new paradigms. These included patents, calculations, scientific analysis, and new materials, just to name a few. The two events examined herein took two completely different paths: on the one hand, the vast field of "scientific" investigation (in turn, it too all but uniform in its approach) is contrasted with the solitary point of view of an expert who believed that he could offer solutions looking to history. The first contribution, by Domenica Sutera, studies the theory centred on the “earthquake-resistant shape" of the circular structures designed by Giuseppe Torres in 1909. This architect, from Italy’s Veneto region, determined the resistance of circular constructions to earthquakes based on the direct observation of the ruins of the two cities of Messina and Reggio Calabria. In fact, these had proven to be the most resistant. Torres went against the anti-historical, mainstream currents of his time and looked instead to the history of construction, and in particular of Sicilian building techniques, in conducting his research into the field of earthquake-resistant construction. He was convinced he was the first to have found the key to selecting "resistant" buildings in the past. The question of the ideal earthquake-resistant shape came significantly to the fore at the time of the reconstruction following the devastating earthquakes of 1693 in Val di Noto and 1726 in Palermo. Medieval and early modern constructions in Sicily based on the circle and still extant despite centuries of violent local earthquakes probably inspired the architects of eighteenth-century reconstructions through a shared intuition that recognised history and its fundamental educational and operational role. The second contribution, by Federica Scibilia, explores and underscores the role played by current affairs press in the debate on earthquake-resistant construction after the earthquake of 1908 in Messina. The repeated earthquakes that shook Italy between the end of the nineteenth century and the first decade of the twentieth century forced many experts in the field to deal with the question of how to build in earthquake prone zones. In particular, the catastrophe on 28 December 1908, which caused the almost total destruction of the cities of Messina and Reggio Calabria and other smaller towns, had an international resonance, placing the issue of earthquake-resistant construction at the centre of the technical and scientific debate.

TERREMOTO E RICOSTRUZIONE: MESSINA 1908, VERSO UNA PROGETTAZIONE “CONSAPEVOLE” La teoria della maggiore resistenza delle strutture “circolari” e il contributo della pubblicistica al dibattito sulla costruzione antisismica. Le storie raccontate in questo volume esaminano congiuntamente il duplice sguardo della ricerca sulla progettazione orientata in senso antisismico e sviluppata nell’ambito del dibattito nato a Messina dopo il terremoto del 1908. Se ampie si rivelano le testimonianze di forme di progettazioni “consapevoli”, cioè di accorgimenti che integrano il problema sismico all’interno di convenzioni costruttive di durata secolare, durante le fasi che hanno preceduto le molteplici ricostruzioni nella Sicilia d’età moderna, il dibattito scaturito dopo il 1908 si confronta anche con paradigmi nuovi: brevetti, calcoli, analisi scientifiche, nuovi materiali. Le strade intraprese dalle due vicende qui esaminate non seguono direzioni equilibrate: il vasto campo dell’indagine “scientifica” (a sua volta tutt’altro che unitario) viene qui contrapposto al solitario punto di vista di un tecnico che pensa di offrire risposte a partire dalla storia. Il primo contributo, a cura di Domenica Sutera, studia la teoria incentrata sulla “forma antisismica” posseduta dalle strutture circolari messa a punto da Giuseppe Torres nel 1909. L’architetto veneto mise in relazione la resistenza delle forme circolari all’azione sismica sulla base dell’osservazione diretta delle macerie di Messina e Reggio da cui emergevano le architetture che si erano rivelate più forti. Torres, meritevole di essere in controtendenza rispetto alle correnti antistoricistiche del suo tempo, rimandava alla storia della costruzione, e in particolare di quella siciliana, il campo di indagine in senso antisismico, ma credeva di essere stato il primo ad aver individuato la chiave per selezionare dal passato le fabbriche “resistenti”. La questione della forma antisismica sarebbe infatti significativamente emersa al tempo delle ricostruzioni avviate in seguito alle devastanti scosse del 1693 in Val di Noto e del 1726 a Palermo. Le fabbriche medievali e della prima età moderna in Sicilia generate dalla geometria del cerchio e sopravvissute per secoli ai violenti terremoti locali hanno probabilmente ispirato gli artefici dei progetti delle ricostruzioni settecentesche secondo un’intuizione condivisa che ha riconosciuto alla storia un fondamentale ruolo istruttivo e operativo. Il secondo contributo, a cura di Federica Scibilia, approfondisce e valorizza il ruolo della pubblicistica al dibattito sulla costruzione antisismica dopo il terremoto del 1908. I ripetuti terremoti che si verificarono in Italia tra la fine dell'Ottocento e il primo del decennio del Novecento imposero a una vasta schiera di tecnici di confrontarsi con la questione di come costruire in zona sismica. In particolare il catastrofico evento del 28 dicembre, che provocò la distruzione pressoché totale di Messina, Reggio Calabria e di altri centri minori, ebbe una risonanza internazionale, ponendo il tema della costruzione antisismica al centro del dibattito tecnico-scientifico.

Sutera, D., Scibilia, F. (2019). TERREMOTO E RICOSTRUZIONE: MESSINA 1908, VERSO UNA PROGETTAZIONE “CONSAPEVOLE” : La teoria della maggiore resistenza delle strutture “circolari” e il contributo della pubblicistica al dibattito sulla costruzione antisismica. Palermo : Edizioni Caracol [10.17401/terremotomessina].

TERREMOTO E RICOSTRUZIONE: MESSINA 1908, VERSO UNA PROGETTAZIONE “CONSAPEVOLE” : La teoria della maggiore resistenza delle strutture “circolari” e il contributo della pubblicistica al dibattito sulla costruzione antisismica

Sutera, Domenica
;
Scibilia, Federica
2019-01-01

Abstract

THE EARTHQUAKE AND RECONSTRUCTION: MESSINA 1908, TOWARDS "CONSCIOUS" DESIGN. THE THEORY OF THE INCREASED RESISTANCE OF CIRCULAR STRUCTURES AND THE CONTRIBUTION OF PUBLICATIONS IN THE DEBATE ON EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION The stories told in this book provide an overview of research into earthquake-resistant design from two perspectives as it developed as part of the debate in Messina after the earthquake of 1908. Whilst there is ample evidence of "conscious" forms of design, that is, of solutions that take into account the problem of earthquakes in centuries-old building practices in the period preceding the many reconstructions in Sicily in the early modern period, the debate that ensued after 1908 also had to confront with new paradigms. These included patents, calculations, scientific analysis, and new materials, just to name a few. The two events examined herein took two completely different paths: on the one hand, the vast field of "scientific" investigation (in turn, it too all but uniform in its approach) is contrasted with the solitary point of view of an expert who believed that he could offer solutions looking to history. The first contribution, by Domenica Sutera, studies the theory centred on the “earthquake-resistant shape" of the circular structures designed by Giuseppe Torres in 1909. This architect, from Italy’s Veneto region, determined the resistance of circular constructions to earthquakes based on the direct observation of the ruins of the two cities of Messina and Reggio Calabria. In fact, these had proven to be the most resistant. Torres went against the anti-historical, mainstream currents of his time and looked instead to the history of construction, and in particular of Sicilian building techniques, in conducting his research into the field of earthquake-resistant construction. He was convinced he was the first to have found the key to selecting "resistant" buildings in the past. The question of the ideal earthquake-resistant shape came significantly to the fore at the time of the reconstruction following the devastating earthquakes of 1693 in Val di Noto and 1726 in Palermo. Medieval and early modern constructions in Sicily based on the circle and still extant despite centuries of violent local earthquakes probably inspired the architects of eighteenth-century reconstructions through a shared intuition that recognised history and its fundamental educational and operational role. The second contribution, by Federica Scibilia, explores and underscores the role played by current affairs press in the debate on earthquake-resistant construction after the earthquake of 1908 in Messina. The repeated earthquakes that shook Italy between the end of the nineteenth century and the first decade of the twentieth century forced many experts in the field to deal with the question of how to build in earthquake prone zones. In particular, the catastrophe on 28 December 1908, which caused the almost total destruction of the cities of Messina and Reggio Calabria and other smaller towns, had an international resonance, placing the issue of earthquake-resistant construction at the centre of the technical and scientific debate.
2019
Settore ICAR/18 - Storia Dell'Architettura
978-88-32240-04-7
Sutera, D., Scibilia, F. (2019). TERREMOTO E RICOSTRUZIONE: MESSINA 1908, VERSO UNA PROGETTAZIONE “CONSAPEVOLE” : La teoria della maggiore resistenza delle strutture “circolari” e il contributo della pubblicistica al dibattito sulla costruzione antisismica. Palermo : Edizioni Caracol [10.17401/terremotomessina].
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10447/352593
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